RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 59
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
pyrene PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.035- 0.2 Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes: 0.035 ppm=
10/1000; 0.2 ppm= 22/1000.
Fernandez et al. 1989
pyrethrin EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 1-3 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
pyrethrin THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour noted. Secoy 1979
pyrethroids XELA adult TISPREP PHYSIO Pyrethroids affect sodium channel gating (cyano are dif. than van den Bercken and
non-cyano pyrethroids).
Vijverberg 1985
q-hexane BUAR embryo IMMER MORT 1-15 5 and 15 ppm produce 100 % mortality on day 29 and 17
respectively. 1 ppm was not toxic.
Juarez and Guzman 1984a k
quinoxaline EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 72 h lethal time for both conc. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
radiation BUME adult RAD PHYSIO Activity of ACh and cytochrome "c" oxidase measured. Sai Siva Kumar et al. 1988
radiation CACU larvae RAD PHYSIO 50-150 rads Dose-effect relationship demonstrated between level of Hermosilla and Carrasco 1985
radiation and presence of micronucleated blood cells. k
radiation HELE adult RAD PHYSIO 100 R/min
with x-ray
machine at
250 kVp
Studies on esterase isoenzymes using PAGE technique show
characteristic patterns in brain, kidneys, liver and lung.
George and Eapen 1973
retinoic acid TRSC adult IMMER PHYSIO Elimination rates were not affected by the dietary treatment. Hinton and Whicker 1992
retinoic acid XELA adult IMMER MORT 0- 0.1 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991
between other animal species tested. A/D ratio=>10.
retinoic acid XELA embryo IMMER MORT 0- 0.1 mg/L Death and defects were noted in embryos exposed for four
days post-fertilization.
Daston et al. 1991
rotenone EUOS adult INHAL MORT 3% Survived 3 d through end of experiment. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
rotenone RAPI tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 10-500
gamma/L
Results not extracted from paper. Hamilton 1941
rotenone XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO 5-10 µM Rates of active sodium transport and suprabasal oxygen
consumption were found to be inhibited in frog skin by
rotenone.
Lau et al. ?
Rupon RAES tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.001- 0.01% Two sizes of tadpoles exposed to solution. 21mm exhibited
0% mortality in 0 - 0.003%; 100% mortality in 0.01% for
32 tadpoles 100% mortality in all conc.
Gunther and Plotner 1986
S RAES adult (F) INJECT PHYSIO 5 µg
progesterone
Sulphatides were measured in oviducts of RAES. Vitaioli et al. 1990
S THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour noted. Secoy 1979
saffan AGPI adult INJECT BEHAV 1.0 ml/kg 70 min anaesthesia, excellent muscle relaxation and effect. Calderwood and Jacobson
1979
saffan AGPI adult INJECT BEHAV 1.0 ml/kg No effect, unsatisfactory sedation. Calderwood and Jacobson
1979
saffan BOSC adult INJECT BEHAV 3.0 ml/kg 89 min anaesthesia, not anesthetized enough for safe Calderwood and Jacobson
handling.
1979
saffan CRAD adult INJECT BEHAV 0.50 ml/kg 5 min anaesthesia, very good muscle relaxation and effect, Calderwood and Jacobson
rapid recovery necessitating methoxyflurane anaesthesia. 1979