RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 49
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
NRDC RATE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 1-100 mg/L Multiple end-plate potentials appeared after exposure to > 2
mg/L for 18-45 min. 1-100 mg/L had no effects on muscle
resting potential or amplitude or time course on the initial
evoked end-plate potential.
Evans 1976 k
oil refinery CACA juvenile ORAL PHYSIO Four fold increase in white blood cell counts and a 50%
reduction in amount of red blood cells. Other physiological
effects are reported.
Lutcavage et al. 1995
oil refinery PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 125 ml/L UV and effluent resulted in an increase in the number of
erythrocytes (effluent alone was found to be non-toxic).
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1994
OMPA RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 2500-3100 Anemia, leucopenia, worsening with increasing conc.;
progressive neutropenia and lymphocytes evident with
increasing conc.; posture drooping, activity decreased, flaccid
paralysis.
Kaplan and Glaczenski 1965 k
OMPA XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Reduced amplitude of response without sig. shifting the dose
response curve.
Guy et al. 1977 k
OPAN RAPI embryo IMMER DEVOBS 200 mg/L No deleterious effects on development.
Greenhouse 1976c k
OPAN RAPI embryo IMMER MORT 1 g/L Not toxic.
Greenhouse 1976a k
OPAN RAPI larvae IMMER MORT 1 g/L Not toxic.
Greenhouse 1976a k
OPAN XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 1 mg/L No deleterious effects.
Greenhouse 1976c k
OPAN XELA embryo IMMER MORT 1 g/L Not toxic.
Greenhouse 1976a k
OPAN XELA larvae IMMER MORT 1 g/L Not toxic.
Greenhouse 1976a k
o-toluidine PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.0025 Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes= 5/1000. Fernandez et al. 1989
Otroc RAES tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.001- 0.01% 100% mortality in 0.01 exposure group. Gunther and Plotner 1986
oxamyl RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 100 90 % of individuals with vertical curvature deformities.
Cooke 1981 k
oxytocin AMXX adult TISPREP PHYSIO Oxytocin induces water loss in tail tissue of AMSX; amiloride
potentiated oxytocin effects, theophylline and dibutyryl
cAMP blocked oxytocin effects.
Platt and LiCause 1981
ozone SCOC adult INHAL BEHAV 21-35 Mild behavioural hypothermia with inhaled ozone at 35 C. Mautz 1996
paraoxon HYCH embryo DERMAL DEVOBS 100 Not toxic or teratogenic after dermal exposure for 24 h.
Fulton and Chambers 1985 k
paraoxon XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Inhibition of ACh was recorded and compared to that found
in chicken and rat brain.
Andersen et al. 1977
paraquat RABE tadpoles ORAL BEHAV Sig. mortality observed on d 7 and thereafter. Only 19.4% of
tadpoles lived to d 15 in contrast to 81.1% controls living to
d 15; abnormal tails; abnormal swimming behaviour.
Bauer Dial and Dial 1995