RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 69
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
UV RAJA egg RAD DEVOBS Formation of primordial germ cells was more suppressed in
the pressed egg groups than the non-pressed ones.
Shirane 1981
UV RAJA embryo RAD DEVOBS room 70% of larvae at stage I from the pressed and UV-irradiated
eggs were germ cell free, but at a stage immediately after
metamorphosis all animals had at least some germ cells,
although their gonads often were extremely small and poorly
differentiated.
Shirane 1982
UV RASY egg RAD MORT No effect of UV-A was found on eggs or larvae even at
exposures of twice the intensity of normal outdoor levels. All
embryos exposed 30 min. or more to UV-B died.
Grant and Licht 1995
UV RAXX egg RAD HATSUC UV radiation of a frog's eggs rarely results in sterilization,
however, sterilization is greatly improved with compression
of the lower pole of the egg or irradiating just before the first
division of the egg.
Bounoure et al. 1954
UV RHVA egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= 0.05, less than AMMA, AMGR and
PLVE.
Blaustein et al. 1994b
UV TAGR egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= 0.2, sig. less than HYRE, RACS and
BUBO.
Blaustein et al. 1994b
UV XELA egg RAD DEVOBS Effects of cold and pressure resemble effects noted for UV
radiation.
Scharf and Gerhart 1983
UV XELA egg RAD DEVOBS Irradiation of vegetal pole reduces primordial germ cells,
produces cytological damage to the vegetal hemisphere and
disruption of the normal mechanism by which the vegetal
yolk mass induces the formation of the dorsal axis of the
embryo.
Thomas et al. 1983
UV XELA egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase conc.= 0.06 - 0.11, sig. lower than RACS, HYRE
and BUBO.
Blaustein et al. 1994b
UV, anthracene PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-12.5 ppb 0 - 6.25 ppb= 15-17 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus
frequency, 12.5 ppb resulted in death.
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992
UV, AQ PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-100 ppb 0 - 100 ppb= 17-19.5 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus
frequency.
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992
UV, BA PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-6.25 ppb 0 - 3.125 ppb= 17- 23 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus
frequency, 6.25 ppb resulted in death.
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992
UV, BAA PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-12.5 ppb 0 - 6.25 ppb= 9-27 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus
frequency, 12.5 ppb resulted in death.
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992
UV, BaP PLWA embryo IMMER GENOTOX At 25 ppb BaP, 24% of embryos died (toxicity was enhanced
with addition of UV exposure).
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1994
UV, BaP PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 12.5-500 ppb No effects were observed with UV, BaP treatments alone,
however, >25 ppb BaP with UV showed toxic effects. When
larvae were not irradiated in advance, 90% died when exposed
to 50ppb BaP and UV. BaP was 4-fold less genotoxic than
non-irradiated BaP.
Fernandez and L'Haridon 1994