RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 14 Contaminant a Contaminant b Concentration b LC50 EC50 b TI d MCIG d NOEL d LOEL d Effects/Notes de Reference k Mg, Cd 18 µmol/L Caused death in < 10 % of exposed embryos and malformations in > 95 % when tested under standard conditions. Luo et al. 1993b Mg, Co 1,800 µmol/L Caused death in < 10 % of exposed embryos and malformations in > 95 % when tested under standard conditions. Luo et al. 1993b Mg, Ni 56 µmol/L Caused death in < 10 % of exposed embryos and malformations in > 95 % when tested under standard conditions. Luo et al. 1993b Mg, Zn 300 µmol/L Caused death in < 10 % of exposed embryos and malformations in > 95 % when tested under standard conditions. Luo et al. 1993b mine drainage 131 - 136 % (Fe 293 - 433, Zn 178 - 235) and 303 - 535 % (Fe 414 - 533; Zn 47.2 - 73) Dawson et al. 1985 k mine drainage Subacute or teratogenic endpoints expressed by frog embryos in laboratory exposures were frequently subtle, i.e. mild abdominal edema, hyperpigmentation and only occasionally severe. Linder et al. 1991 monocrotophos 0-100 mg/L >100 mean TI (P): Mean length of embryos significantly Snawder and Chambers 1989 mg/L P=2.87; 34.8; TI greater than controls at most doses. G=8.66 (G): 11.5 Normal orientation. Dose dependent reduction of NAD+. All tadpoles kept until metamorphosis developed normally but slower than controls. (p= effect of abnormal pigmentation observed; g= effect of abnormal gut observed; n= abnormal notochord). Na acetate 4.24 3.29 1.29 Edema occurred at conc. >2.0 mg/mL, spinal kinking occurred at 3.5 mg/mL, severe kinking, optic and facial malformations and edema occurred >4.5 mg/mL. DeYoung et al. 1996 naphthalene no effects no effects Schultz and Dawson 1995 observed observed
Contaminant a Contaminant b Concentration b LC50 EC50 b nicotine 0.34mg/L (tested alone) nicotine reduced to increased 20 mg/L to 5.8mg/L N-nitrosodimethylamine increased 2.0 fold Ni 0.1-3000 µmol/L 365 µmol/L increased 2.1 fold TI d Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 15 MCIG d 2.5 µmol/L 147 5.6 µmol/L NOEL d LOEL d Effects/Notes de Retinoic acid:N = No interaction (No effect greater than that observed for either compound alone; TU=1.35-1.76). Scored as potential teratogens. Metabolism of nicotine to more polar metabolites increased the nicotine conc. required to induce terata. Based on TI values, embryo growth, types, and severity of induced malformations, NDMA was toxic. Malformations were found in >95% of exposed embryos (equal to or >5.6 µmol/L). The most frequent malformations in Ni-exposed embryos were ocular, skeletal, and intestinal deformities; less common were facial, cardiac, and integumentary deformities. Reference k Dawson and Wilke 1991a Dawson et al. 1988a Fort et al. 1991 Hopfer et al. 1991 Ni 180 µmol/L The ocular abnormalities of Ni 2+ exposed tadpoles included microphthalmia, hypopigmentation, hernias and cysts of the choroid and retina, and iris coloboma (cataracts were uncommon). Hauptman et al. 1993 Ni 2.3 µmol/L At study termination (after 13 wks) survival of Ni exposed was 60%. Median number of days to metamorphosis = 51 (range: 43-85). Mean body weight after 13 wks = 1.17 (SD=0.49). Plowman et al. 1994 nonylphenol 10.0-100.0 µg/L 5.0 10.0 Increased tail resorption (stage 60-66). Fort and Stover 1997 NTA 540-600 520-530 1.0-1.1 350-400 Dawson et al. 1989 octanoic acid 0-41.8 mg/L 27.9 (25.6- 30.8) paraoxon 1.2 (1.1- 1.3) mean P=0.11; G=0.16; (N): 0.22 TI (P): 10.6; TI (G): 7.3; TI (N): 4.3 EC50 in mixture of ten acids: 2.7 (2.5- 2.9) TU in mixture for malformation: 0.097 (0.090-0.104). 10-fold more potent than parathion. Significantly decreased growth. Minimal curvature to severe notochordal bending. Barrel-shaped embryos. Inactive until disturbed, then responded with erratic movements. Significantly shorter than controls. (p= effect of abnormal pigmentation observed; g= effect of abnormal gut observed; n= abnormal notochord). Dawson 1991 Snawder and Chambers 1989
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 217 and 218: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
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Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
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Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
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References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
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References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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