RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 6
Contaminant a Contaminant
b
Concentration
b
LC50 EC50 b
TI d
MCIG d
NOEL d
LOEL d
Effects/Notes de
Reference k
CDD (cytochalasin D) 450 100 ng/mL 3.9 For activated treatment the LC50 = 800 Fort et al. 1989
ng/mL (inactive)
ng/mL and the EC50 was 600 ng/mL.
(inactive)
The TI for activated treatment was 1.5.
Inactivated conc. > 50 ng/mL induced
severe impairment of eye formation, gut
miscoiling and craniofacial
malformations.
chlorocresol 25 mg/L 178 mg/L LC10=32 mg/L. Bernardini et al. 1996
chlorocresol 40 & 80 mg/L Chlorocresol exposure during the
cleavage phase caused a conc. dependent
increase of mortality; 78% (40 mg/L) and
97% (80 mg/L). The difference between
control and treated groups was highly
significant.
Vismara et al. 1995
chlorocresol 40 & 80 mg/L Chlorocresol at these conc. did not affect
the rate of fertilization.
Vismara et al. 1995
chlorothalonil 0.09 mg/L 0.02 mg/L Tadpole. Channing 1998
Co 25 µmol/L At study termination (after 13 wks)
survival of Co exposed was 71.3%.
Median number of days to
metamorphosis = 43 (range: 41-67).
Mean body weight after 13 wks = 0.95
(SD=0.36).
Plowman et al. 1994
CoCl2 0.0018 - 18 10.4 0.025 416 0.042
Exposed embryos showed a conc.-related Plowman et al. 1991
mmol/L mmol/L mmol/L
mmol
pattern of malformations, comprising gut
malrotation, ocular anomalies, kinked
tail, craniofacial dysplasia, cardiac
deformities and dermal blisters.
cotinine 4340
mg/L
720 mg/L Scored as potential teratogens. Dawson et al. 1988a
crude oil 6.97 % 0.96 %
Dumont et al. 1983 k
Cu 0.89 - 0.74 - 1.1 - 1.2 0.75 Results also given for metal contaminated Fort et al. 1995b
0.98 0.88
soils.
Cu 1.25 - 0.95 - 1.32 - 1.10 -
Long term exposure (60-75 d) indicated Fort and Stover 1996
1.38 0.99 1.39 1.15
that Cu induced reduction deficiency
malformations of the hind-limb at conc.
as low as 0.05 mg/L.
Cu 0.1-0.75 mg/L Embryo stages 46-54; abnormal hind limb Fort and Stover 1997
development at > 0.5mg/L.