RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 2
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
3methylcholanthrene
PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.5 Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes= 315/1000. Fernandez et al. 1989
3-
PLWA not INJECT PHYSIO An increase in metabolism of hydroxycoumarin and resorufin Marty et al. 1992
methylcholanthrene specified
derivatives occurred. Microsomal protein content and ratio
of liver and body weights are presented.
4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl RAES adult INJECT PHYSIO 250 After 10 d of holding frogs in water, four metabolites of 4-4'dichlorobiphenyl
were found in water samples that were
similar to those found from rat or rabbit metabolism.
Tulp et al. 1976
4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by
chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Safe et al. 1976
4-chlorobiphenyl RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by
chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Safe et al. 1976
acephate AMGR egg/larvae IMMER HATSUC Egg hatch not sig. affected by conc. up to 798 mg/L; effect in
Geen et al. 1984
first wk post hatch mortality. Growth rate decreased and
abnormalities increased in larvae exposed to 382 and 798
mg/L.
k
acephate RACA tadpoles IMMER MORT All tadpoles exposed to 5 ppm survived.
Hall and Kolbe 1980 k
acephate RACL larvae IMMER BEHAV 21 Sig. decrease in mean activity time recorded at 1000 ppm but
not at 500 ppm.
Lyons et al. 1976 k
acephate RACL tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 1 Approximately 0.6 ppm after 1 d (identical to conc. in
water).
Lyons et al. 1976 k
acetone ACGR tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0-50 mg/L Conc. dependent enhanced metamorphosis in acetone-treated Pollard and Adams 1988
animals. At 50 mg/L rate of precocious metamorphosis was
not sig. dif from that produced by 0.1 mg/L thyroxin. DMSO
showed no effect.
acetone RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS > 400 ppm= 100% mortality; 300 ppm= 50% mortality; 200
ppm no lethal effect during 1 wk observation. At 10 ppm
accelerated metamorphosis by 2 d in 80% animals; 20% did
not complete metamorphosis and were malformed.
Paulov and Paulovova 1983 k
acridine orange PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.2-2 Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes: 0.2 ppm=
12/1000; 2 ppm= 74/1000.
Fernandez et al. 1989
Ag RAJA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 20-22 10 µM It was concluded that Ag activates the Ca channel by acting
on SH groups in a Ca channel protein.
Aoki et al. 1993
AH5183 RANI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 5-20 µM Results indicate that mobilization of the ACh quanta readily
available for release might be a common mechanism
underlying both frequency facilitation and two components
of PTP (augmentation and potentiation).
Maeno and Shibuya 1988
Al RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 800, 1600 Results not extracted from paper.
Cummins 1986a k
Al XELA adult TISPREP MORT 7.4-7.6 20-100 µg/mL Atrial muscle membrane potentials were examined. Meiri and Shimoni ?
alachlor ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS 27.4 IC50= 27.4, inhibitor conc. necessary for 50% inhibition of
17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor.
Vonier et al. 1996