RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 35
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
fenvalerate AMMA larvae IMMER MORT 15-20 0.01 mg/L Little recovery from 0.01 mg/L after 11 d, even at higher
temp.
Berrill et al. 1993
fenvalerate RACL tadpoles IMMER MORT 15-20 0.01- 0.1 mg/L Occasional mortality; recovery occurred with time. Berrill et al. 1993
fenvalerate RAES adult TISPREP PHYSIO 1,10.100,200,
500 µM
Depolarization of axon membrane occurred. Tippe 1987
fenvalerate RAPI tadpoles IMMER MORT 15-20 0.01- 0.1 mg/L Occasional mortality; recovery occurred with time. Berrill et al. 1993
fenvalerate XELA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 18 7.3 10 -5
15-30 end plate potentials and up to 60 action potentials Ruigt and Van den Bercken
were observed.
1986
fenvalerate XXFR adult IMMER PHYSIO Fenvalerate and cypermethrin inhibit Na transport in frog
skin.
Yu et al. 1986
FIT RADA egg IMMER HATSUC 18-22 0.001- 0.01% 52% hatched in control groups, 0% hatched in 0.006 and
0.01 % FIT.
Gunther and Plotner 1986
FIT RAES egg IMMER HATSUC 18-22 0.001- 0.01% 92.5 % hatched in control, 0 % hatched in 0.01% FIT. Gunther and Plotner 1986
FIT RAES tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.001- 0.01% Increase in tadpole size resulted in increased survivorship at
low conc. Tadpoles were fed during FIT exposure.
Gunther and Plotner 1986
FIT RARE tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.003% Exposure for 1-24 h at 0.003% FIT; time required to kill
50% at given conc.= 8.17 h; time required to kill 90%= 13.40
h.
Plotner and Gunther 1987
FIT RATE egg IMMER HATSUC 18-22 0.001- 0.01% 96 % hatched in control group, 27% hatched in 0.006% FIT. Gunther and Plotner 1986
FIT RATE tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.001- 0.01% Increased size of tadpoles resulted in increased survival time. Gunther and Plotner 1986
flumethrin AGAG adult IMMER PATH