RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Contaminant Exposure Concentration Route e f Table 3 - Acute Laboratory Data - 38 Temp h LC24 e LC48 e LC96 e Other Mortality/Effects Data de Reference k VIN CHSE embryo IMMER 20±2 TI50: 1.9 (swimming), 2.2 (pigmentation), 2.7 (malformation). EC50: 3.1 (swimming), 2.7 pigmentation. Sabourin et al. 1985 W GACA embryolarvae IMMER 7 d LC50= 2.9 mg/L. Birge et al. 1979a k ye quing shuang RALI adult IMMER 235.68 Pan and Liang 1993 yi ji dao fen san RALI adult IMMER 1.53 Pan and Liang 1993 zinc methanearsonate RALI adult IMMER 71.87 Pan and Liang 1993 zineb BUBJ tadpoles IMMER 7 d LC 50= 40. Hashimoto and Nishiuchi 1981 k zineb RALI adult IMMER 31.25 Pan and Liang 1993 Zn BUME tadpoles IMMER 29-34 7 d LC50= 19.86- 47.26. Khangarot and Ray 1987 k Zn GACA embryolarvae IMMER 7 d LC50= 0.01 mg/L. Birge et al. 1979a k Zn HYCH tadpoles IMMER 4.6960 Gottschalk 1995 Zn MIOR tadpole (1-4 wk) IMMER 25.5- 26 Zn MIOR tadpoles IMMER 25.5- 26 24.06 (23.6- 24.4) 23.42 (23.0- 23.8) 22.41 (22.0- 22.8) 7 d LC50 ranged from 22.41 - 24.06 for 1 wk old tadpoles; 23.08 - 25.42 for 4 wk old tadpoles. For 4 wk old tadpoles. LC24: 25.42 (24.8-25.6) mg/L; LC50: 24.38 (24.0-24.8) mg/L; LC96: 23.08 Rao and Madhyastha 1987 k Jayaprakash et al. 1987 Zn RALU tadpoles 25,50 100 IMMER 28.38 28.38 28.38 (22.6-23.4) mg/L. LC72= 28.38. Lefcort et al. 1998 Zn RAPI adult IMMER 24 15 d LC50= 155. Kaplan and Glaczenski 1965 k Zn RAPI tadpoles IMMER 10.20-10.48 Gottschalk 1995
Table 4: Laboratory studies not including acute toxicity data Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Study Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant Concentration e Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e Reference k 1,1dimethylhydrazine XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0- > 5 mg/L > 5 mg/L teratogenic. Failure to elongate, tail kinks most common abnormalities observed. Greenhouse 1976a k 1,1dimethylhydrazine XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 1-20 mg/L 10 % malformation at 1 mg/L. 100 % malformation at 20 mg/L. Susceptible during neurulation. Greenhouse 1976b k 1,1dimethylhydrazine XELA larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-1.0 mg/L < 1 mg/L had no effect on survival or metamorphosis; higher conc. lethal. Greenhouse 1976a k 1,2dimethylhydrazine XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0->50 mg/L < 40 mg/L not toxic if embryo transferred to uncontaminated Greenhouse 1976a water prior to hatching; > 50 mg/L teratogenic. k 1,2dimethylhydrazine XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 10-80 mg/L 100 % malformation at >40 mg/L. Greenhouse 1976b k 1,2dimethylhydrazine XELA larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-1 mg/L 100 % mortality in larvae at 1 mg/L within 7 d. Continuous contact with 0.1 mg/L allowed normal metamorphosis. Greenhouse 1976a k 1-4- RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by Safe et al. 1976 dichloronaphthalene chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. 1-chloronaphthalene RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Safe et al. 1976 2,4-D ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS No interaction with estrogen receptors. Vonier et al. 1996 2,4-D ALMI egg DERMAL PHYSIO 0.14-14 No effect on endocrine parameters. Crain et al. 1997 2,4-D RATE tadpole (hindlimb) IMMER MORT No mortality or behavioral changes at conc. up to 50 ppm for 48 h. Cooke 1972b k 2,4-D RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 1 mg/L of Na salt and 2 mg/L of diethylamine salt sig. Buslovich and Borushko 1976 inhibited metamorphosis. Addition of thyroidin (1-5 mg/L) hinders action of the hormone stimulating metamorphosis. k 2,4-D RATE tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE Exposure for 48 h: ND at 0.1 µg detection limit. Cooke 1972b k 2,4-D XXXA not specified IMMER MORT In Russian, effects of 2, 4-D butyl ester on amphibians given. Skokova and Lobanov 1973 2,4-dichloroaniline XELA tadpoles IMMER MORT 20 100 d NOEL: mortality/growth= 1; development= 0.32 mg/L. k Slooff and Canton 1983 2-AAF RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 16 8.7 10 -8 - 5 x10 - Increasing frequency of micronuclei and rubricytes in blood Krauter 1993 5 M cells. 2-AF RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 0- 5 x10 -6 M 2-AF more toxic than 2AAF on red blood cells, cell lysis eventually occurred. Krauter 1993 2-methoxyethanol XELA adult IMMER MORT 0-15000 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991 between other animal species tested. A/D ratio=>3. 2-methoxyethanol XELA embryo IMMER MORT 0-10000 mg/L Defects were noted in embryos exposed for four days postfertilization. Daston et al. 1991 2-phenoxyethanol NOVV adult IMMER PHYSIO 0.5 % Sig. bradycardia when the newts were exposed to anesthetic. Pitkin and Pettyjohn 1992 3- ALMI juvenile SUBDER MORT 3-MC treated alligators showed greater rates of enzyme Jewell et al. 1989 methylcholanthrene M activity and greater rates of induction of specific enzymes that may protect against toxicity of 3-MC.
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 3 Contami
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Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 11 Contam
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Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Co
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
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Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
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Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
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Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
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References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
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References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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