RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 40
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
malathion HYRE tadpole (3
wk)
IMMER PHYSIO 30.8-
37.8
25-50 ppb Temp. tolerance sig. lowered; onset of spasms occurred at
lower temp. at 50 ppb (34.1°C) than 25 ppb (37.5°C).
Johnson 1980a k
malathion LAPA adult ORAL PHYSIO 18-27 1-3 Heavy lipid accumulation for all doses in kidney and liver and Ozelmas and Akay 1995
intestine as well as congestion and degeneration of the
kidney; 2mg/kg resulted in edema and necrosis of fatty tissue.
malathion MIOR embyro
(yolk
plug)
IMMER DEVOBS 25 1-20 5 ppm lethal, 10 ppm resulted in 35% mortality at 96 h; 15
ppm= 100 % mortality after 96 h.
Pawar et al. 1983 k
malathion PLCI adult IMMER PHYSIO 5.6 kg/ha Brain cholinesterase was sig. inhibited. No changes in feeding,
endurance or co-ordination.
Baker 1985 k
malathion PLGL adult IMMER PHYSIO 5.6 kg/ha Brain cholinesterase was sig. inhibited No changes in feeding,
endurance or co-ordination.
Baker 1985 k
malathion RAHE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10-30 Results indicate that action of malathion is similar to that of
pharmacologically active myo- and neuro-toxic agent;
decreased twitch amplitude.
Kowsalya et al. 1987 k
malathion RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 50-175 20 dead after 15 d at 175 ppm; progressive anemia and
leuocopenia occurred with successively higher conc.; white
blood cell count showed progressive neutropenia and
lymphocytosis with increasing conc.
Kaplan and Glaczenski 1965 k
malathion RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO 5 ml/kg ChE activity (µL CO2/50mg/10 min): 112±6 (corn oil
controls ), 100±4 (treated). TOTP treatment alone did not
sig. affect cholinesterase activity, but it potentiated the
anticholinesterase action of malathion by 100-fold in frogs.
Cohen and Murphy 1970
malathion RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.125 and 1.25 Sig. dif. noted in mortality, mobility and growth in exposure Ranke-Rybicka 1972
mg/L groups.
malathion RATI egg IMMER DEVOBS 0.00001- No tadpoles from eggs treated with 0.00001 % to 0.004 % Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
0.004 % metamorphosed.
1981 k
malathion RATI tadpole IMMER DEVOBS 0.00001- None metamorphosed at conc. 0.00001 % to 0.005 %. Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
(feeding
stage)
0.005 %
1981 k
malathion RATI tadpole IMMER DEVOBS 30-38 0.0001- < 100 metamorphosed > 0.0002 %; increased time for Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
(limb bud)
0.0007 % metamorphosis.
1981 k
maneb TRCC adult IMMER PATH 17-20 5 No tumours were found in any animals; some edema; spleen
enlargement.
Zavanella et al. 1979 k
maneb TRCC adult IMMER DEVOBS 24 5 Severe limb abnormalities in all regenerated limbs.
Zavanella et al. 1984 k
maneb TRCC adult (F) IMMER DEVOBS 24 5 Growth retardation, skeletal malformation and vascular
disturbances of the regenerating limb.
Arias et al. 1982
maneb TRCR adult IMMER DEVOBS 24 5 Delayed growth, reduced melanogenesis and malformations in
regenerated limbs.
Arias and Zavanella 1979 k