RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
RACL tadpoles BEHAV 4.0, 3.5
(behaviour)
Table 6 - pH Studies - 24
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50
20-22 3.36 (96
h);
N=30/treat
-ment
LC100 e
Effects eg
Behaviour - Along with RASY, RACL were
the least sensitive species and did not avoid
pH 4.0. A significant correlation was found
between the 96 h LC50 pH and the %
reduction in use of the two acidified octants
(pH 4.0).
Reference k
Freda and Taylor 1992
RACL tadpoles BEHAV 5.3-6.6 No differences were observed among
treatments for RACL or RAUT tadpoles.
Sparling et al. 1995
RACL tadpoles PHYSIO 4.0 Substantially increased transepithelial net ion
McDonald et al. 1984
loss and net acid uptake, and a slight
inhibition of active ion transport.
Disturbances disappeared by 7 h exposure in
tadpoles but persisted in juveniles.
k
RACL tadpoles
(stage 25-
30)
MORT 4.1-4.5 Mortality estimated from graph, 10 % at pH
4.5 and 90 % at pH 4.1.
Gascon and Bider 1985 k
RACY adult MORT 4.0-10 15 - 35 Cr 115 mg/L
Increased toxicity evident with increased Joshi and Patil 1992
(female)
= 96 h
temperature, or decreased pH and water
LC50
hardness.
RADA egg HATSUC 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 12-15 Al 100-800 100 % mortality of embryos at pH 4.0
within 2 d, and 6% mortality at pH 5.0, 6.0.
Embryo mortality not affected by Al alone
but synergistic effect of Al and pH at 5.0,
and 6.0 resulted in increased mortality.
Andren et al. 1988
RADA eggs DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 Al 100-800 Low pH exerted a string harmful effect and
high levels of Al almost completely
precluded successful reproduction.
Andren and Nilson 1988
RADA larvae DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 Al 100-800 Low pH exerted a strongly harmful effect
and high levels of Al almost completely
precluded successful reproduction.
Andren and Nilson 1988
RAES adult POPSUR 4.0-5.0 76 % of water bodies at pH 5 and 4-5
contained RAES; 63.3 % of water bodies at
pH 4.0.
Leuven et al. 1986 k
RAES egg POPSUR 4.0-5.0 In acidic waters, egg masses became heavily
infested with fungi.
Leuven et al. 1986 k
RAES egg DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Most hatchlings at pH 4.0 were deformed; at
pH 4.5 and 5.0 few deformities noted.
Leuven et al. 1986 k
RAES larvae
(stage 29-
DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Al 185
µmol/L
pH medium: 6 % mortality at pH 4.0 and 4.5
Leuven et al. 1986
; no mortality at pH 5.0. In Al medium: 100
33)
% mortality in all groups.
k
RAES tadpoles MORT 6.4-8.1 TPT Lower growth rate, longer larval period at
pH 6.4.
Fioramonti et al. 1997