RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 6 - pH Studies - 7
Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50 LC100 e
Effects eg
Reference k
AMM embryo HATSUC At pH 4.3-4.5, gross abnormalities and then Portnoy 1990
A
100% mortality occurred. pH 4.6-5.5, >80%
survival occurred in 8 out of 12 ponds.
AMM embryo HATSUC 4.1-6.0 17±3 Al 0.2 mg/L Hatching success of AMMA also varied Clark and LaZerte 1987
A
among clutches, but in general, hatching
success was lower at pH 4.3 than at pH 6.0.
The concentration of 0.2 mg Al/L at pH 4.3
increased hatching success compared with
when no Al was present.
AMM embryo MORT 4.31 for
Less pH associated embryonic mortality Sadinski and Dunson 1992
A
hatching
observed among more tolerant AMMA;
AMMA survival not different between pH
4.1 and > 6.0 as they were eaten by AMJE at
pH > 6.0 and suffered pH induced mortality
at pH 4.1 ; AMMA metamorphosed less
often.
AMM embryo MORT 4.17-6.19 Al 0.016- mg/L
Mortality correlated only with pH. In two Freda and McDonald 1993
A
0.985 (total
low-pH ponds, high conc. of dissolved
Al)
organic compounds might have been a toxic
component. Generally, decreases in
mortality occurred with pH below 5.0
(exceptions did occur).
AMM
A
embryo MORT 4.07-5.62 No significant correlation between pond pH
and % mortality.
Cook 1983 k
AMM embryo MORT 4.0-6.0 Al 75 µg/L TS: 4.3
No significant effect. Critical pH: 4.5 (post- Bradford et al. 1994
A
(nomina (SE=0.08)
treatment survival), 4.5 (total length).
l conc.) PTS: 4.32
(SE=0.12).
AMM embryo HATSUC 4.3-4.8 Al 34-46 pH 4.8 and 37 µg/L was toxic to eggs of Clark and Hall 1985
A
AMMA.
AMM
A
embryo
(late
blastula)
HATSUC 4.5-6.0 21 Al 0.7 - 1.1
ppm
Results not extracted from paper.
Dale et al. 1985 k
AMM
A
larvae MORT 4.97 - 5.30 46 % survival in pH 4.97; 64 % survival at
pH 5.3.
Clark 1986 k
AMM larvae BEHAV 4.0-7.0 Acidity had a significant effect on number of Preest 1992
A
lunges at prey and capture success. Larvae
raised at pH 4 made fewer lunges towards
prey and caught fewer prey per lunge than
did larvae raised at pH 4.5, 6.0, 7.0.
AMM larvae MORT 5.4, 4.5, 4.1 As a result of increased mortality among Sadinski and Dunson 1989
A
AMJE over 7 d, 38% more RASY survived at
pH 4.1 than at pH 5.4.