RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 3
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
alachlor ALMI adult (F) TISPREP PHYSIO Estrogen receptors from alligator oviductal tissue tested with
various environmental chemicals and with 17ß-estradiol.
Arnold et al. 1997
alachlor BUVU embryo IMMER PHYSIO 0.312- 5 % Very toxic to embryo and tadpole developmental stages. Constantini and Panella 1975
aldrin ACCR adult IMMER MORT 21-24 Frogs collected from areas treated or untreated with pesticide
and exposed to 0.03 or 0.05 g/mL. Percent mortality lower
in frogs from treated fields than those collected from no or
minimal treatment.
Vinson et al. 1963 k
aldrin ACGR adult IMMER MORT 0.01 g/mL= 40% mortality; 0.05 g/mL= 70% mortality in 36
h.
Vinson et al. 1963 k
aldrin BUAR embryo IMMER MORT 5 ppm= 100% mortality at 15 d, 15 ppm= 100% mortality at
Juarez and Guzman 1984a
10 d. 1 ppm not toxic.
k
aldrin GRGE adult (F) TISPREP PHYSIO 0.53, 5.3 and Inhibition of Na-, K-, and Mg-dependent ATPase may have Wells et al. 1974
53 µM been related to cell membrane alteration.
aldrin RACY adult IMMER DEVOBS 19-26 7.9 % conc. ranged from 0.006 (215 min) to 0.125 (55 min)
ppm where “time” is time until death.
Rane and Mathur 1978 k
aldrin RAES adult TISPREP PHYSIO 18 Motor end plate: 10 -5 and 10 -4 M exerted both pre-and postsynaptic
actions; caused increase in end-plate potential
frequency and decrease in amplitude.
Akkermans et al. 1974 k
aldrin RAES adult TISPREP PHYSIO 18 Sartorius nerve muscle: 25 x10 -5 M produced increase in endplate
potential to 4 times control level at 20 min, after
which amplitude declined and transmission completely
blocked.
Akkermans et al. 1975b k
aldrin RAHE adult IMMER PHYSIO Glycogen increased; lipid increased; cholesterol increased;
pyruvate decreased; lactate increased in kidney.
Vijay and Jayantha Rao 1991
aldrin RAHE adult IMMER PHYSIO Glycogen increased; lipid increased; cholesterol increased;
pyruvate decreased; lactate increased in liver.
Vijay and Jayantha Rao 1991
aldrin RAHE not IMMER PHYSIO 0.24 mg/L Effects after 1 wk exposure were: depletion of protein in Joseph and Rao 1991
specified
brain, muscle, kidney and intestine; after 2 wks exposure
there was an increase in amino acid levels and 4 wks of
exposure showed enhanced protease activity and amino
transferases.
aldrin RAPI adult IMMER BEHAV 25 5.68-5.90 0.15- 0.30 At 30 d exposure, 8 dead in 0.30 ppm; at 0.23 and 0.15, 0
frogs dead.
Kaplan and Overpeck 1964 k
aldrin RAPI adult IMMER RESIDUE 11 ppb Decreasing rate of accumulation by abdominal skin vs time. k
Kaiser and Dunham 1972
aldrin RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO In abdominal skin, no changes in short circuit current at 2 x
10 -4 M.
aldrin RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO Microsomal metabolism in liver (apparent Vmax and Km
values): Vmax= 0.056 nmol/min/mg; Km= 43 nmol/mg.
aldrin RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 18 Motor end plate: 10 -5 and 10 -4 exerted both pre- and postsynaptic
actions; caused increase in end-plate potential
frequency and decrease in their amplitude.
Webb et al. 1979 k
Ronis and Walker 1985 k
Akkermans et al. 1974 k