RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 10
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
carbaryl RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 2 x10 -4 M Sig. increases in the short-circuit current and decreases in the
resistance in abdominal skin.
Webb et al. 1979 k
carbaryl RATE tadpole
(stage 25)
IMMER BEHAV 0.1- 0.001% Exposure to 0.001 - 0.005 % caused death within 10 - 24 h;
short exposure (30, 15 min) caused frantic swimming.
Rzehak et al. 1977 k
carbaryl RATI adult IMMER PHYSIO 0.002- 0.006 Exposure had no effect on amylase or lipase activities. Deshmukh and Keshhavan
%
1987 k
carbaryl RATI adult IMMER PHYSIO 0.004- 0.006 Hepatic vitamin A storage sig. reduced and serum vit A Keshavan and Deshmukh
%
elevated.
1984 k
carbaryl RATI tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0-5 mg/L Feeding and excretion increased with increasing conc.
Mortality during metamorphosis sig. at 2 mg/L.
Peter Marian et al. 1983 k
carbaryl XELA tadpole
(stage 19-
IMMER PHYSIO 0.0001%-
0.1%
High conc. resulted in contraction and separation of muscle
fibres, lower conc. resulted in bent tails, oedema, inhibited
Rzehak et al. 1977
20)
growth and development and up to 65% mortality.
k
carbaryl XELA tadpoles IMMER MORT 25 0.1-10 0.1 ppm erratic swimming and severe uncoordination; 10 Elliot-Feeley and Armstrong
ppm some stopped swimming completely; all recovered from
exposure - 2 wks later: > 90% survived normally in all
exposure conc. groups.
1982
carbaryl, UV-B XELA embryo IMMER HATSUC 0.88-293
µW/m 2 65 µW/cm
alone
or with
carbaryl
2 - 100% mortality within 24 h with carbaryl yet Zaga et al. 1998