RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 2 - Field Studies - 4
Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Study
Endpoint g
Pesticide
Appl. Rate
Location, Area, State,
Country c
Study
Date
Effects de
Reference k
azinphos-methyl RACL juvenile PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between
potato crop treated fields and
control group in terms of genotoxic
effects (chromosomal
fragmentation and abnormal DNA
profiles). Juveniles showed physical
deformities and illnesses.
Lowcock et al. 1997
azinphos-methyl RAPI adult and PESTAPP MORT Hamilton, Brantford , 1993-95 Azinophos-methyl was non- Harris et al. 1998
young of
Guelph, ON, CAN
detectable at all of the orchard sites;
the year
hatching success ranged from 5-
100%; survival ranged from 0-95%.
azinphos-methyl SCHA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
pond, CA, USA < 1963 No mortality after 24 h
Mulla 1963 k
Bayer 22408 RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.56, 2.24
aikg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), < 1963 No mortality after 24 h.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
Bayer 29952 RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), < 1963 5 % mortality after 24 h at 0.45
kg/ha appl.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
Bayer 34042 RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), unknown < 1963 No mortality after 24 h.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
Bayer 37289 BUBO tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
field tests, CA, USA < 1962 Deemed “safe” for these appl. rates. k
Mulla 1962
Bayer 37289 BUBO tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), < 1963 No mortality after 24 h.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
Bayer 37289 SCHA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
field tests, CA, USA < 1962 Deemed “safe” at these appl. rates. k
Mulla 1962
Bayer 37289 SCHA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.45
kg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), unknown < 1963 No mortality after 24 h.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
Bayer 38920 RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.56 kg/ha field tests, CA, USA < 1962 100 % mortality to tadpoles.
Mulla 1962 k
Bayer 38920 RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.56, 2.24
kg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), unknown < 1963 100 % mortality at each of 0.56
and 2.24 kg/ha.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
Bayer 44831 RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.22, 0.90
kg/ha
pond (0.025 ha), unknown < 1963 No mortality after 24 h.
Mulla et al. 1963 k
brodifacoum CYAE adult ENVIRON POPSUR Mana Island, New Zealand 1986-93 Numbers remained low and fell
again after eradication program. An
increase in captures did not occur
until '90-91. No toxicity data is
given on the direct effects of
brodifacoum/flucoumafen.
Newman 1994
brodifacoum CYMA adult ENVIRON POPSUR Mana Island, New Zealand 1986-93 After 1989 (date of mouse
eradication program) there was a sig
increase in the number of
individuals caught. No tox data is
given on the direct effects of
brodifacoum/flucoumafen.
Newman 1994