RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 12 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k BUAM tadpoles MORT 4.5 20 Al 0-1.0 mg/L 0.627 Increasing Luther pond water from 5 to 20% Freda et al. 1990 mg/L total significantly reduced Al toxicity such that Al (96 h) the LC50 for total Al increased to above 2.0 mg/L. Labile Al conc. were not good predictors of mortality. Luther pond water was not toxic to tadpoles at pH 4. BUAM tadpoles MORT 4.15-6.20 Al 0.106- mg/L Percent mortality was significantly different Freda and McDonald 1993 1.155 (total among ponds. Mortality was correlated with Al) pH but not with total or labile Al. Other ions were not correlated with mortality either. BUAM tadpoles BEHAV 4.0, 4.5 20-22 3.99 (96 Significant difference in activity during Freda and Taylor 1992 h); experimental period at pH 4.0 (compared to N=30/treat control period); when tadpoles entered the -ment acidified octants they would exhibit burst swimming similar to escape behaviour. BUBO adult pH A survey in Greater Yellowstone ecosystem found that water samples from sites where Western Toads successfully reproduced had higher pH values. Peterson et al. 1993 BUBO adult POPSUR No evidence that amphibian embryos are present during snow melt and episodic acidification; population decline not likely due to acidification. Vertucci and Corn 1996 BUBO egg POPSUR 4.0-6.0 Low percentage of occupied sites, populations declining severely. Corn et al. 1989 BUBO embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do Corn and Vertucci 1992 not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill embryos. BUBO larvae DEVOBS 3.1-4.0 100 % mortality at pH 3.1; all metamorphosed at pH 4.0. Porter and Hakanson 1976 k BUBU adult POPSUR 4.0-5.0 84.4 % of systems at pH 5.0 contained BUBU with only 11.8 % systems containing BUBU at pH 4.0. Leuven et al. 1986 k BUBU adult POPSUR Population increased in acidified lakes. Hagstrom 1981 k BUBU egg POPSUR 4.0-5.0 In acidic waters, egg masses became heavily infested with fungi. Leuven et al. 1986 k BUBU egg DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Most hatchlings at pH 4.0 were formed at pH 4.5 and 5.0 few deformities were noted. Leuven et al. 1986 k BUBU larvae (stage 29- DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Al 185 µmol/L In pH medium: 23.8 % mortality at pH 4.0, no mortality at 4.5 or 5.0. In Al medium: Leuven et al. 1986 33) 14.3 % mortality at pH 4.0 increasing to 47.6 % mortality at pH 5.0. k
Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k BUBU not specified POPSUR 4.0-8.0 Survey of amphibian breeding sites. Beebee 1983 k BUBU tadpoles POPSUR 4.0-5.0 No tadpoles found in pH > 5.0. Leuven et al. 1986 k BUBU tadpoles MORT (30-35 mm) 2.0-4.2 18 Survival time 55 min at pH 2.0; no apparent effects in 3 d at pH 4.2. Jones 1939 k BUCA adult POPSUR 3.8-6.5 Bred only in eutrophic ponds (pH 5.0 - 6.5), k Beebee 1987 as did 4 other unidentified amphibian species. BUCA adult POPSUR 4.0-5.0 No animals present in pH 4.0 waters and only 13.3 % of systems at pH 5.0 contained BCAL. Leuven et al. 1986 k BUCA egg POPSUR 4.0-5.0 In acidic waters, egg masses became heavily infested with fungi. Leuven et al. 1986 k BUCA egg MORT 3.5-7.0 4.0 Spawn more vulnerable than tadpoles to low pH; 100 % mortality below pH 4.0 critical range between 4.0 - 4.5; more than 24 h for mortality to occur at pH 3.5; healthy spawn is less vulnerable to acid damage than spawn containing large numbers of dead eggs. Beebee 1986 BUCA embryo HATSUC 4-6 Al 75 Results not extracted from paper. Bradford et al. 1991 BUCA embryo DEVOBS
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 237 and 238: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Page 291 and 292: Table 6 - pH Studies - 15 Species C
Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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