RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.2-7.5 15 or 3.5
and 15.5
Table 6 - pH Studies - 29
Cont.
Conc.
Conc. e
LC50
e
Units
LC100 e
Effects eg
For embryos collected from bog site exposed
to bog water (pH 4.2) only 11% normal
hatch and 77% curl occurred; low
temperature affected the hatching success of
RASY in bog water (100% mortality at early
development).
RASY embryo HATSUC 3.5-7.0 12, 21 0 % hatched at pH 3.0 at both 12 and
21°C.> 90 % hatched at pH 7.0. More
hatched at higher temperature.
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.2 bog, 7.5 fen 11 % hatch at pH 4.2 and 96.3 % hatch at
pH 7.5; 77.2 % embryo developed by not
hatched at pH 4.2.
RASY embryo DEVOBS 4.0-5.8 80-100 % hatched at pH 5.0 and 5.8 with
some deformities; at pH 4.5, 15 (at Ca 80
ppm) - 100 % (Ca 20 ppm ) hatched . 0-13
% hatched at pH 4.0.
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.0-5.8 95-100 % hatching at pH 4.5 - 5.8; 80 %
hatching at 4.25 (significantly greater than
AMJE); 0 % hatching at pH 4.0.
RASY embryo DEVOBS At pH 3.9, 50 % or more developed
normally.
RASY embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do
not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill
embryos.
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.2, 4.4, 4.6,
4.8, 6.0
Al 0, 0.25,
0.5, 0.75,
1.0
mg/L BUAM embryos were more sensitive to low
pH than RASY embryos as indicated by a
significant increase in mortality at pH 4.2
and 0 mg/L Al/L. BUAM embryos were most
stressed by Al at pH 4.2.
Reference k
Karns 1992
Dale et al. 1985 k
Karns 1984 k
Freda and Dunson 1985 k
Freda and Dunson 1986 k
Gosner and Black 1957 k
Corn and Vertucci 1992
Freda and McDonald 1993
RASY embryo BEHAV < 3.8-5.0 Al 114-834 Elevated Al and low pH may reduce breeding
success.
Glooschenko et al. 1986
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.25 Hatched at 4.25.
Freda and Dunson 1985 k
RASY embryo HATSUC 2.0-7.6 Hatching success > 71 % at pH 4.0 - 7.6.
Pierce et al. 1984 k
RASY embryo HATSUC 3.5-6.3 20 3.5-4.0 Hatching success at pH 4.0 was significantly
higher than at pH 3.5 but significantly lower
than pH 4.5-6.3. No significant difference
occurred between hatching success at pH 4.5
or higher. The critical pH was determined to
be pH 4.0-4.5.
Grant and Licht 1993