RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 2 - Field Studies - 19 Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Study Endpoint g Pesticide Appl. Rate Location, Area, State, Country c Study Date Effects de Reference k heptachlor SCXX adult PESTAPP MORT 0.25-2.0 N. Mississippi, MS, USA 1958-61 Some species before applications Ferguson 1963b lb/acre but never after. heptachlor TECA adult PESTAPP MORT 2.0 lb/acre N. Mississippi, MS, USA 1958-61 1 found dead, numerous others were found unharmed. Ferguson 1963b heptachlor XXSN adult PESTAPP MORT 0.25-2.0 N. Mississippi, MS, USA 1958-61 7 snakes of 4 species were seen Ferguson 1963b lb/acre before spraying and only one snake was found afterwards (COCO). Hg CACC adult ENVIRON POPSUR Rio deBanco,Rio Ajarahj, 1985-92 Metals are carried up through the Brazaitis et al. 1996 Rio Mucajai, N. Central food chain and detected in crocodile Roraimo, Brazil tissues at levels regarded as of serious concern. Hg CALA adult ENVIRON POPSUR Rio deBanco,Rio Ajarahj, Rio Mucajai, N. Central Roraimo, Brazil 1985-92 “ Brazaitis et al. 1996 Hg CAYA adult ENVIRON POPSUR Rio deBanco,Rio Ajarahj, Rio Mucajai, N. Central Roraimo, Brazil 1985-92 “ Brazaitis et al. 1996 Hg HYCH tadpoles PESTAPP DEVOBS 0.4 ppm to University of Mississippi < 1998 Tadpoles took more time to Britson and Threlkeld water column Field Station, MS, USA metamorphose. 1998 Hg MENI adult ENVIRON POPSUR Rio deBanco,Rio Ajarahj, 1985-92 Metals are carried up through the Brazaitis et al. 1996 Rio Mucajai, N. Central food chain and detected in crocodile Roraimo, Brazil tissues in levels regarded as of serious concern. Hg PAPA adult ENVIRON POPSUR Rio deBanco,Rio Ajarahj, Rio Mucajai, N. Central Roraimo, Brazil 1985-92 “ Brazaitis et al. 1996 Hg PATI adult ENVIRON POPSUR Rio deBanco,Rio Ajarahj, Rio Mucajai, N. Central Roraimo, Brazil 1985-92 “ Brazaitis et al. 1996 industrial effluent BUAR embryo ENVIRON MORT Reconquista river, 1994 LC50 of control site=0.0035, LC50 Herkovits et al. 1996 stages 13, Argentina of downstream sites=0.0155; river 18 and 25 water was approx. 10 times more toxic than a chosen reference point. industrial effluent PSCR tadpole IMMER MORT Delmarva Peninsula, E. 1991 Tests were done in cold (12°C) and Diamond et al. 1993 coast of USA warm (20°C) test water situations (winter and summer). LC50=0.46 (cold) and >0.53 (warm) mg/L; NOEC 0.77 and >0.96 mg/L. industrial effluent RAPI larvae IMMER MORT Delmarva Peninsula, E. 1991 Tests were done in warm (20°C) Diamond et al. 1993 coast of USA test water situations. NOEC survival >0.35; growth=0.35 mg/L.
Table 2 - Field Studies - 20 Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Study Endpoint g Pesticide Appl. Rate Location, Area, State, Country c industrial effluent RAPI tadpole IMMER MORT Delmarva Peninsula, E. coast of USA Study Date Effects de 1991 Tests were done in cold (12°C) and warm (20°C) test water situations (winter and summer). LC50=0.42 (cold) and 1.44 (warm) mg/L; NOEC 0.66 and 1.60 mg/L. Reference k Diamond et al. 1993 kepone RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11,0.56 kg/ha field tests, CA, USA < 1962 Deemed “safe” to tadpoles. Mulla 1962 k kepone RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11,0.56 kg/ha pond, CA, USA 1962 No mortality after 24 h. Mulla 1963 k leptophos XXFR not specified PESTAPP MORT 1.0 kg/ha rice field, India < 1973 100 % mortality 48 h after spraying. Thirumurthi et al. 1973 k Linuron RACL adult; 2nd PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between Lowcock et al. 1997 and 3rd year potato crop treated fields and control group in terms of genotoxic effects (chromosomal fragmentation and abnormal DNA profiles). Linuron RACL juvenile PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between potato crop treated fields and control group in terms of genotoxic effects (chromosomal fragmentation and abnormal DNA profiles). Juveniles showed physical deformities and illnesses. Lowcock et al. 1997 malathion ANCO adult PESTAPP PHYSIO 4-6 oz/acre Miragoane Valley, Haiti 1972 No measured adverse effect on lizards was demonstrated. Brain AChE levels were not inhibited. McLean et al. 1975 malathion PLGL adult PESTAPP PHYSIO 5.6 kg/ha (10 appl.) oak poplar forest, NC, USA < 1985 No brain ChE inhibition, changes in abundance, effects on lipid storage patterns noted. Baker 1985 k malathion PLGL juvenile PESTAPP PHYSIO 5.6 kg/ha (10 appl.) oak poplar forest, NC, USA < 1985 “ Baker 1985 k mancozeb RACL adult; 2nd PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between Lowcock et al. 1997 and 3rd year potato crop treated fields and control group in terms of genotoxic effects (chromosomal fragmentation and abnormal DNA profiles). mancozeb RACL juvenile PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between potato crop treated fields and control group in terms of genotoxic effects (chromosomal fragmentation and abnormal DNA profiles). Juveniles showed physical deformities and illnesses. Lowcock et al. 1997 metalaxyl RACL adult; 2nd and 3rd year PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 “ Lowcock et al. 1997
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 1- Field Residues - 54 Contam
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 3 Contami
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Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 11 Contam
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Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Co
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
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Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
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Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
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Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
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References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
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References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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