RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 38
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
HPB RACA tadpoles ORAL RESIDUE 250 ng stomach= 4 pg/mg, intestine= 35 pg/mg, GI tract= 96 pg/mg. Knezovich and Inouye 1993
hydrazine XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 1-100 mg/L 100 % malformation > 10 mg/L. Susceptible during
neurulation.
Greenhouse 1976b k
hydrazine XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 5-10 mg/L Normal development in 5 mg/L but did not survive as larvae
if not transferred to < 1 mg/L at hatching. Malformation in
some batches of eggs at 10 mg/L.
Greenhouse 1976a k
hydrazine XELA larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-1 mg/L > 1 mg/L produced irreversible toxic effects and death within
24 - 48 h. 0.1 mg/L not toxic.
Greenhouse 1976a k
hydrazine sulfate XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 10-40 mg/L 100 % malformation at 40 mg/L. Susceptible during
neurulation.
Greenhouse 1976b k
hydrocarbons PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 32 ml/L, 125 Even at lowest dilution, 32ml/L, double the amount of Gauthier et al. 1993
hydrocarbons RATE tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO
ml/L, 250 ml/L micronuclei, sig. higher numbers for 250 ml/L.
of river water
QSAR investigations using previously published data set. Lipnick 1989
I DEHS adult DERMAL MORT 89-179 µg/mL Residual iodine found in temporary holding containers,
reversibly bound to the plastic used during cleaning. Acute
toxicity.
Stoskopf et al. 1985
I NOVI adult INJECT PHYSIO A sig. fraction of the injected dose continued to circulate as
inorganic iodide at 7 and 14 d following injection.
Dunn and Dent 1980
imidazole XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Calcium efflux increased from sarcoplasmic reticulum to
myo-filament containing space.
Stephenson 1981
Ingran BUVU embryo IMMER PHYSIO 0.312- 50 % Very toxic to embryo and tadpole developmental stages. Constantini and Panella 1975
JKU0422 XELA adult (M) TISPREP PHYSIO 20 7.4 10 -7 -10 -4 M Repetitive activity or frequency dependent suppression of
sciatic nerves was not induced by phenylpyrazoles.
Klis et al. 1991b
K (fertilizer) RATE adult (M) DERMAL BEHAV At 1/4 SCI two treated frogs exhibited convergence of buccal Oldham and Hilton-Brown
and lung ventilation rates characteristic of a toxic effect after 1992
3.5 h.
KCl RABR tadpoles IMMER MORT 5.6-7.7 1-10 g/L Mortality occurs after 48 h with 6 g/L or 5 g/L after 120 h. Mahajan et al. 1979
KCl RAPI not
specified
TISPREP PHYSIO 30 mM K Na-activated Ca efflux is inhibited. Chapman et al. 1981
kepone ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS 34 IC50= 34, inhibitor conc. necessary for 50% inhibition of
17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor.
Vonier et al. 1996
lanthanum RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 0- 0.4 mM Below 0.4mM, La inhibits a component with high affinity to
La representing 40% of Ca efflux.
Stout and Diecke
LAS RACY tadpoles IMMER MORT 25 7.2-7.5 0- 0.15 Dose dependent reactions to increases in conc.: 0% survival
at 0.06 ppm, acute toxicity range was 0.0377- 0.0635, 100%
survival between 0.01- 0.04.
Lal et al. 1983
LAS XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS Malformations produced.
Ramusino 1980 k
leptophos BUMA adult IMMER PHYSIO AChE appeared relatively insensitive to inhibition. Fulton and Chambers 1983
leptophos HYCI tadpole/ad IMMER PHYSIO Neurotoxic esterase activity could not be demonstrated in
ult
HYCI. The AChE I50 for leptophos-oxon was 1.7 x 10 -6 Fulton and Chambers 1983
M.