RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 71
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
waste water XELA larvae IMMER GENOTOX Larvae accumulated damaged normochromatic erythrocytes Lehmann and Miltenburger
in their blood.
1987
waste water XELA larvae IMMER DEVOBS 17 5.8 No dif. were found in behaviour, morphology and growth of
larvae between product water and regular tap water. Tap
water animals had a sig. delay in development.
Hrubec et al. 1983
zineb MIOR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 2.0 Oxidative damage to embryonic cells, as well as discussion of
biproduct and chelating agent effects.
Ghate 1985a
Zn AMJE embryo pH+CON DEVOBS 10 4.5 Zn at levels up to 2.0 mg/L did not induce a toxic response in Horne and Dunson 1994b
TAM
the embryos nor did it affect developmental rate.
Zn BUAM adult TISPREP PHYSIO 1.0 m/mol In the presence of Zn ions, motor end plate channel decay
remained exponential, while the time constant of decay was
prolonged as single channel conductance and ACh null
potential remained virtually unchanged.
Takeda et al. 1978
Zn BUAM adult TISPREP PHYSIO 0.1-5 mM Motor end-plate channels were increased by Zn. Takeda et al. 1982
Zn BUAR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 1 mg/L Zn has a protective affect in embryos against spontaneous
malformations and lethality.
Herkovits et al. 1989
Zn BUAR tadpoles IMMER MORT 20 4-32 mg/L Sig. decrease in survival occurred after 72 h at 32 mg/L (65% Herkovits and Pérez-Coll
survived), no decrease occurred at lower doses; Sig. decrease in 1991a
survival with combination Zn and Pb doses than with Pb
alone. Pb was twice as toxic as Zn when tested alone.
Zn BUBO larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-39 mg/L 100 % mortality in 39 mg/L within 24 h; 0.1 mg/L all
metamorphosed.
Porter and Hakanson 1976 k
Zn CRRH adult ENVIRON PHYSIO Serum Zn level 45.3 ppm which is considered toxic to
mammals. Following post operative treatment with
ceftazidime and Ca EDTA feeding resumed and serum levels
dropped to 4.88 ppm after 39 d.
Cook et al. 1989
Zn CYPY adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -7 - 10 -4 M 10 -4 M reduced membrane potential to 50 % of control.
Effect increased with increasing conc.
Kanno et al. 1978 k
Zn GACA egg IMMER DEVOBS 7.5-8.0 0.1-100 3 - 7 % mortality and teratogenesis at hatching; 5 - 14 %
mortality at 4 d post hatch.
Birge et al. 1977 k
Zn PICA adult ORAL MORT fed avg. of
10.33 Mg (6
rats)
3 snakes regurgitated, 3 showed no observable effects. Brock 1965
Zn PLXX larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0-10 mg/L No genotoxicity observed. Godet et al. 1996
Zn TAGR adult IMMER RESIDUE Equilibrium body burden at 30 d. Half life following injection
was 1.5 years, highest conc. in skin, muscle, blood and liver.
k
Willis and Valett 1978
Zn TRCR adult IMMER RESIDUE Newts left in tank with Zn plated bottom. Unusual cells
present in primordium hippocampi of poisoned newts.
Taban et al. 1982 k
Zn XELA adult INJECT RESIDUE 5 Results not extracted from paper.
Suzuki et al. 1983 k