RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 2 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k AMJE embryo MORT 4.5 4.51 for Embryonic mortality high in ponds below Sadinski and Dunson 1992 hatching pH 4.5 ; more larval AMJE survived pH 4.1 over 7 days when larval RASY and AMMA were available as prey than when no prey were available; larval AMJE did not metamorphose in pH 4.2 and survived in low numbers. AMJE embryo DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Cu 7-12 Increased egg mass mortality at both pH levels. Number of arrested embryos was significantly affected by pH. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE embryo DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Pb 8-86 Larval mortality not affected by Pb or pH. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE embryo DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Zn 30-101 Low pH and high Zn resulted in high hatching success; pH and Zn did not increase egg mass mortality. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE embryo POPSUR 4.25 Mortality of embryos increased as pH decreased. Freda and Dunson 1986 k AMJE embryo MORT 4.07-5.62 No significant correlation between pond pH and % embryonic mortality. Cook 1983 k AMJE embryo DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Pb 8-86 Pb: No effect on egg mass mortality or hatching success, hatching success greater at higher pH. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE embryo HATSUC 4.0-5.0 pH 5.0: 95 - 100 % hatched; 0 - 40 % hatched at pH 4.0; 5% killed early at pH 4.5 and 5.0 whereas 100 % killed early at pH 4.0. Freda and Dunson 1985 k AMJE embryo DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Fe 10-40 Significant effect of pH on % hatching success; Fe increased egg mass mortality at low pH. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE embryo- MORT The field survey revealed that Al, SO 4, H larval + Horne and Dunson 1994 and Zn were significantly higher in 40 ponds lacking successful breeding of AMJE whereas alkalinity, Cu, DOC, K, Mg, Na, and NO3 were significantly higher in 10 ponds that supported successful breeding. AMJE larvae PHYSIO 2.5-4.0 Acute exposure depressed Na influx and markedly accelerated Na efflux - resulting in net loss of 50 % body Na (fatal). Chronic exposure caused 21 - 62 % reduction in body Na level, K content did not change. Freda and Dunson 1985 k AMJE larvae MORT 5.4, 4.5, 4.1 As a result of increased mortality among AMJE over 7 d, 38% more RASY survived at pH 4.1 than at pH 5.4. Sadinski and Dunson 1989
Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Cu 0.015 mg/L Copper was extremely toxic to both species Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor during both acute and chronic exposures. Acute survival of AMJE was significantly higher at the low pH level (46 vs 0%). AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Cu 7-12 Cu resulted in severe toxic effects on early stage larvae, and increased Cu conc. lead to increased larval mortality. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Al 130-800 Decreased pH lead to increased larval mortality. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient mg/L In the treatment combinations with no Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor metals present, acute survival of AMJE was significantly higher in the high pH treatments (100 vs 88%). AMJE chronic survival was significantly higher in the high pH treatments (96 vs 50%). AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Zn 30-101 Increased Zn had a toxic effect on early stage larvae at low pH. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Fe 10-40 Increasing Fe conc. had severe toxic effect on early stage larvae at pH 4.5 but not at higher pH. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Al 100-300 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Cu 6-9 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Fe 250-350 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Pb 2-5 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Zn 25-41 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms. Horne and Dunson 1995 AMJE larvae BEHAV 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, 10 Larvae behave more sluggishly at pH 5.3, Brodman 1993 7.0 reducing competition with AMMA and potentially increasing survival of AMJE, (predation of AMJE on AMMA increased) Survivorship and larval period did not differ between treatments.
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 227 and 228: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
Page 257 and 258: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 3 Contami
Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
Page 265 and 266: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 11 Contam
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 283 and 284: Table 6 - pH Studies - 7 Species Co
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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