RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 6
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
arginine vasotocin AMTI neotene IMMER PHYSIO Arginine vasotocin did not sig. decrease dehydration in
neotenes, which was not the case for adults and larvae.
Norman 1981
Aroclor 1242 ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS 37.2 IC50= 37.2 (inhibitor conc. necessary for 50% inhibition of
17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor).
Vonier et al. 1996
Aroclor 1254 CHPI adult INJECT PHYSIO 100 4-5 fold increase in P4501A in hepatic microsomes. Yawetz et al. 1997
Aroclor 1254 CHPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Purified turtle P450 fractions may be useful in further studies
of the catalytic function of the inducible proteins.
Yawetz et al. ?
Aroclor 1254 MACR adult ORAL RESIDUE 750 Liver conc. was found to be ~690ppm; 30 times higher than
that found in environment.
Yawetz et al. 1983
Aroclor 1254 MACR adult INJECT PHYSIO 100 Low but sig. increase in P4501A in hepatic microsomes. Yawetz et al. 1997
Aroclor 1254 PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.025- 0.05 Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes= 4/1000 for all
treatments.
Fernandez et al. 1989
Aroclor 1254 RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by
chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Safe et al. 1976
Aroclor 1260 RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 4 0.1 µg/g Antibodies usually produced in response to heat shock were
produced by contaminant stress.
Dunlap and Matsumura 1997
Arosurf 66-E2 HYCI tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.68 mg/m 2
Results not extracted from paper.
Webber and Cochran 1984 k
As PICA adult ORAL MORT fed avg. of
2.00 Mg (6
rats)
7 snakes regurgitated, 6 had no observable effects. Brock 1965
As RACA tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE Results not extracted from paper. Burger and Snodgrass 1998
ASA RACA adult IMMER PHYSIO 3.0-6.0 10-20 mM ATP and phosphocreatine content decreased rapidly after
exposure.
Spenney and Brown 1977
ASA RATE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 3 mM Unionized weak acid form of acetylsalicylic acid increased
gastric mucosal permeation of ions above a threshold conc.
of 3 mM.
Flemstrom 1979
ascorbic acid XELA embryo- IMMER DEVOBS Lowest effect conc.= 250 mg/L. Developmental toxicity Sakamoto et al. ?
larvae
occurred in a dose-dependent manner.
atrazine ACCR tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 30-600 ppb No sig. difs among treatments. Gucciardo and Farrar 1996
atrazine ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS 20.7 IC50= 20.7 (inhibitor conc. necessary for 50% inhibition of
17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor).
Vonier et al. 1996
atrazine ALMI egg DERMAL PHYSIO 0.14-14 Induced aromatase activity in male hatchlings. Crain et al. 1997
atrazine BUVU embryo IMMER PHYSIO 1.25- 30 % Very toxic to embryo and tadpole developmental stages.
Exposed individuals exhibited histochemical modifications
involving either cholinesterases or phosphatases.
Constantini and Panella 1975
atrazine PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 5-8 0.3 No effect on erythrocytes under all conditions tested (dif.
pH, light and dark).
L'Haridon et al. 1993
atrazine RASY tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 30-600 ppb No sig. dif. among treatments. Gucciardo and Farrar 1996
atrazine XELA tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.08-10 None of the tadpoles that survived 10 ppm completed
metamorphosis.
Blandin and Ramsdell 1995