RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 36
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
fuel oil RACA tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0.13-10 % by
vol.
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Tadpole residues: 7,000 ppb (by weight) for 0.1 % oil
exposure and 33,000 ppb (by weight) for 2.5% oil exposure;
behavioural abnormalities noted.
Reference k
McGrath and Alexander 1979
GABA RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 20-24 5 µM - 1 mM GABA sig. decreased amplitude of action potential in frog
ganglion cells.
Kato et al. 1978
garlic THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour noted. Secoy 1979
gibberellin BURE adult ORAL PATH 10 /50g body
wt (3x/wk for
5 mo)
Carcinogenic effects. El-Mofty and Sakr 1988
growmore RATE adult DERMAL BEHAV Lung and buccal ventilation rates provide a reliable indication
of acute toxicity of growmore.
Oldham et al. 1993
HCH, alpha, lindane EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 24-72 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
HCH, beta, lindane BUAR tadpoles IMMER MORT 0.4 ppb >50% mortality. Ferrari et al. 1997
HCH, beta, lindane RAPI adult INJECT RESIDUE Brain= 3.7 - 55.5; liver 6.5 - 53; fat 10.0 - none; (18, 23, 38
d after exposure).
Whitacre and Ware 1967 k
HCH, beta, lindane RAPI adult IMMER RESIDUE 10 Decreasing rate of accumulation by skin over time.
Kaiser and Dunham 1972 k
HCH, beta, lindane RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 100 µM Frequency of end-plate potentials increased by 327 % and
amplitude reduced to 21 % of controls. Neuroblastoma cells:
1-100 µM did not sig. modify action potentials elicited of
affect Ca channels.
Joy et al. 1987 k
HCH, beta, lindane RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 2 x10 -4 M Increased short circuit and resistance in abdominal muscle.
Webb et al. 1979 k
HCH, beta, lindane RAPI adult DERMAL PHYSIO 10 Initial rate of lindane movement through live or dead skin
was 0.680 ppb/h; at 8 h rates were 0.691 and 0.666 ppb/h
respectively.
Kaiser and Dunham 1972 k
HCH, beta, lindane RATE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 18-23 5 x10 -5 M 40 min exposure caused extensive damage to myofilaments;
20 min exposure had little effect.
Publicover et al. 1979 k
HCH, beta, lindane RATE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 5 x10 -5 M Marked increased in miniature end plate potential frequency. Publicover et al. 1979 k
HCH, beta, lindane XELA egg IMMER DEVOBS 0.5-2 Hatching rate 31 % at 2 ppm and 52 % at 0.5 ppm. At 2
ppm, 100 % mortality in 6 wk old tadpoles.
heptachlor BUAR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 1-15 5 and 15 ppm produced 100 % mortality on d 15 and 13.
1ppm reduced time to metamorphosis.
Marchal-Ségault and Ramade
1981 k
Juarez and Guzman 1984a k
heptachlor BUAR tadpoles IMMER MORT 20 0.1 ppb Approximately 30% mortality. Ferrari et al. 1997
heptachlor RAPI adult IMMER RESIDUE 6 ppb Decreasing rate of accumulation by skin over time.
Kaiser and Dunham 1972 k
heptachlor RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 2 x10 -4 M No sig. effects on short circuit current or resistance.
Wheeler et al. 1977 k
heptachlor epoxide RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO Liver microsomal metabolism App Vmax= 0.013
nmol/min/mg. App VKm= 29 nmol/kg in liver microsomes.
hexachlorophene XXFR adult IMMER PHYSIO 22 1.2 x10 -4 - 1.6
x10 -4 50 % hemolysis in washed nucleated cells at 12 x 10
M
-4 M.
16x10 -4 M produced 50 % hemolysis in nucleated
erythrocytes in whole blood.
Ronis and Walker 1985 k
Flores and Buhler 1974 k