RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 63
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
styrene RATE adult IMMER PHYSIO 665 Extensive ultrastructural alterations in olfactory epithelium
following exposure for 60 min, increased secretion from
sustentacular cells, membrane fusion of cilia and reduction of
summed receptor potential.
Ekblom et al. 1984 k
tabun XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Inhibition of ACh was recorded and compared to that found
in chicken and rat brain.
Andersen et al. 1977
tamoxifen ALMI egg DERMAL PHYSIO 0.14-14 Sex reversal from male to female occurred. Crain et al. 1997
taurine RAAR larvae IMMER MORT 20-25 50-500 µg/mL Taurine enhanced the early stages of metamorphosis yet Feuer et al. 1979
(stage 26)
retarded later ones (shortening of the tail).
taurine RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 20 mM
taurine; 0.5-
2.8 mM Ca
Taurine showed a positive inotropic effect in low calcium
solutions and negative inotropism in high Ca solutions.
Taurine modifies calcium levels at sarcolemmal membrane.
Steffen et al. 1977
TBS XELA < 2 d IMMER MORT 20 100 d NOEL: Mortality= 3.2, Development= 10; Growth= 10
Slooff and Canton 1983
mg/L.
k
TBT AMME larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0- 0.05 mg/L 100% mortality within 24h at 0.05 mg/L. 80% mortality
within 7d at 0.015 mg/L. Toxicant was slightly teratogenic to
developing hindlimbs (deletions or defects). No effect on
skeletal pattern in regenerating forelimbs.
Scadding 1990
TBT RATE embryo IMMER MORT 0.3-30 ppb Survival not affected at 0.3 or 3 ppb; mortality 40 % and 50
% at 30 ppb TBTO and TBTF, respectively. Weights
declined only at 30 ppb.
Laughlin and Linden 1982 k
TCA BUVU embyro IMMER PHYSIO 25- 50 % Toxic effects observed at high conc. only. Constantini and Panella 1975
TCB CHPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Purified turtle P450 fractions may be useful in further studies
of the catalytic function of the inducible proteins.
Yawetz et al. ?
TCDD BUAM egg IMMER MORT 0.003-30 Higher mortality than tadpoles yet not sig. dif. from
controls, elimination of TCDD occurred quickly.
Jung and Walker 1997
TCDD BUAM tadpoles IMMER MORT 0.003-30 No mortality; elimination of TCDD occurred quickly. Jung and Walker 1997
TCDD RACA adult INJECT BEHAV 500 µg/kg No mortality during 35 d observation . Some lessened food
intake in groups injected with 500 µg/kg in early phase. No
histopathologic lesions were found at any dose level.
Beaty et al. 1976 k
TCDD RACA tadpoles INJECT MORT 25-1000 µg/kg All surviving tadpoles successfully completed metamorphosis
Beaty et al. 1976
with no morphological abnormalities. 73 - 90 % survival on d
50 post-injection.
k
TCDD RACL egg IMMER MORT 0.3-100 Higher mortality when exposed as eggs yet not sig. dif. from
controls, elimination of TCDD occurred quickly.
Jung and Walker 1997
TCDD RACL tadpoles IMMER MORT 0.3-100 No mortality, elimination of TCDD occurred quickly. Jung and Walker 1997
TCDD RAPI egg IMMER MORT 3 Sig. increase in mortality compared to controls at 3 µg/L. Jung and Walker 1997
TCDD RAPI tadpoles IMMER MORT 3 No mortality, elimination of TCDD occurred quickly. Jung and Walker 1997
TCDD XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0.025-1.0 Mortality of larvae was high when edema appeared at an Mima et al. 1992
mg/L earlier developmental stage, the period from edema
formation to death tended to be short.