RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 22
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 0.005- 0.5 19.4 ppm detected in tadpole hatched from fresh spawn
exposed to DDT.
Cooke 1972b k
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.1 48 h exposure: 29% developed snout abnormalities; 3% died;
all affected individuals that reached tail resorption stage died;
disrupted development and hyperactivity.
Osborn et al. 1981 k
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO µnknown Behavioural abnormalities induced by exposure to DDT was
hyperactivity and general lack of coordination.
Osborn 1980
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER MORT 20 0.01-10 Hind limb bud stage 20 % mortality at 10 ppm; 70%
mortality at 10 ppm. Small-medium hind legs stages: 10 %
mortality at 10 ppm, 50 % mortality at 10 ppm.
Cooke 1970 k
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0.1 No toxic effects in tadpoles; hyperactivity, tendency to float
near surface; deformities in small tadpoles.
Cooke 1979 k
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 0.1 Residues: large tadpoles= 2.5; small tadpoles= 7.5.
Cooke 1979 k
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 0.05 Residues: pp'-DDT 0.50 - 1.2 µg; pp'-DDE < 0.001 - 0.01 µg. k
Cooke 1971
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 0.0001- 0.001 Residues: exposed to 0.0001 ppm= pp'-DDE ND - 0.82;
0.001 ppm exposure= ND - 4.3, No mortality at body levels
of 2 - 5 ppm. Acute exposure, tissue levels of 2 ppm can
cause hyperactivity in tadpoles and death in small frogs.
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER BEHAV Tadpoles more susceptible either just before or just after
developing hind limb buds and at these and later stages they
become hyperactive when tissues contained 2-4 ppm.
Abnormal snouts noted in RATE treated with 0.02 or 0.5
ppm for 48 h.
DDT RATE tadpoles IMMER BEHAV Treated tadpoles became hyperactive. Newts (TRCR) made
sig. more lunges at hyperactive RATE tadpoles than at
controls.
DDT RATI adult IMMER PHYSIO 0.1- 0.3 % Decreased Vit A storage in liver, greater decrease with
increased exposure time (24 - 96 h). Increased serum Vit A
levels with increased DDT noted.
Cooke 1973a k
Cooke 1972b k
Cooke 1971 k
Keshavan and Deshmukh
1984 k
DDT RATI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 % Enzyme activity sig. decreased. Deshmukh and Keshhavan
1987 k
DDT STOC adult IMMER MORT Two animals were sprayed with standard spray, one very
lightly. Both developed symptoms the next day and died
within 2 d. A control sprayed with oils only died within 5 d.
Logier 1949
DDT THXX adult IMMER MORT Mortality occurred in: 1 of 3 that were fed frogs that had
taken poisoned insects, 2 of 2 fed capsules, 2 of 3 sprayed
with standard spray. Another snake sprayed with standard
spray developed poisoning symptoms but recovered after one
wk.
Logier 1949
DDT TRCR adult IMMER BEHAV Results not extracted from paper.
Cooke 1971 k