RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 30
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
DMN XELL adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.07 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMSO ACGR tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 50 mg/L DMSO had no effect on rate of metamorphosis. Pollard and Adams 1988
DMSO RAPI not IMMER PHYSIO Prolonged exposure to DMSO (15%) blocks action
Larsen et al. 1996
specified
potentials. Effects on chloride transport were also measured.
DMF, DMA, HMPA and acetone effects were compared.
DNP RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Specific immune responses in BM may result in a 20-fold
increase in the frequency of antigen-related plasma cells
among total mononuclear cells.
Zettergren et al. 1988
DNP RATE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -4 M 10 -4 M caused rise in miniature end-plate potential frequency
30 min after application following reduction in first 20 min.
k
Statham et al. 1978
DODPA RAPI embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0-1 g/L Up to 1 g/L not toxic; no deleterious effects on development. k
Greenhouse 1976a
DODPA RAPI larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0-1 g/L Up to 1 g/L not toxic; no deleterious effects on development. Greenhouse 1976a k
DODPA XELA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0-1 g/L Up to 1 g/L not toxic; no deleterious effects on development. Greenhouse 1976a k
DODPA XELA larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0-1 g/L Up to 1 g/L not toxic; no deleterious effects on development. Greenhouse 1976a k
Domal RAES tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.001- 0.01% 100% mortality in all exposure groups. Gunther and Plotner 1986
Dosanex BUVU embryo IMMER PHYSIO 1- 2 % Toxic effects observed only at high conc. Constantini and Panella 1975
Dosanex BUVU embryo IMMER MORT 0.05- 0.5 ppt Toxic for embryos, less so for larvae. 100% mortality at Constantini and Andreoli
0.25 - 0.5/1000 and low survivorship for 0.5 - 0.15/1000. 1972
DPH XELA adult IMMER MORT 0-75 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991
between other animal species tested. A/D ratio=>1.5.
DPH XELA embryo IMMER MORT 0-75 mg/L Death and defects were noted in embryos exposed for four
days post-fertilization.
Daston et al. 1991
EB CHSE egg IMMER DEVOBS Eggs exposed to estradiol or an estrogen agonist (R2858)
caused all embryos incubated at male-producing temps to
develop as females.
Crews et al. 1989
edrophonium RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 22 10 -3 - 5 x10 -4
M
Neuromuscular transmission suppressed at 5 x10 -4 M and
1x10 -3 M. Contraction evoked by muscle stimulation also
suppressed. No effect at 1 x 10 -4 M.
Takeno et al. 1977 k
EDS POSS adult (M) INJECT PHYSIO 100 body wt Plasma androgen levels decreased 5-7 d after EDS injection,
alongside interstitial tissue destruction and mast cell
appearance, with slight but sig. increases on Day 11 and 28.
Testicular androgen levels did not change.
Minucci et al. 1995
EDS RAES adult INJECT PHYSIO 100 Plasmas androgen level were extremely low on day 4 after
EDS and remained unchanged after; in testes androgen levels
decreased on day 4 but increased thereafter to control levels.
Minucci et al. 1990
EMF NOVI adult PHYSIO 5 times An increase in the amount of lymphocytes was present in Moran and Bennett 1991
ambient for 5- experimental animals compared to controls, indicating
6 d
physiological stress due to electromagnetic field exposure.