RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 17
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
Cs MAFL adult RAD PHYSIO Results not extracted from paper. Staton et al. 1974
Cs NATA adult RAD PHYSIO Results not extracted from paper. Staton et al. 1974
Cs NESI adult RAD PHYSIO Results not extracted from paper. Staton et al. 1974
Cs PHPL adult RAD MORT Female sterility owing to regression of ovaries was judged to
be the cause of the population decline.
Medica et al. 1973
Cu BUAM tadpoles IMMER BEHAV Avoided 0.10 mg/L; attracted to 0.93 mg/L. Birge et al. 1993
Cu BUBO larvae IMMER DEVOBS 0.02-3.7 mg/L High conc.: 100 % mortality within 12 h. Low conc.: all
metamorphosed.
Porter and Hakanson 1976 k
Cu CYPY adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -7 - 10 -4 M 10 -4 M Cu decreased membrane potential to 67% of control.
Effect of ion increased as conc. increased. Slight changes in
effective membrane resistance and electrical coupling.
Kanno et al. 1978 k
Cu RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -6 M 10 -6 M Cu little effect. 10 -6 M Cu and 10 -5 ACh cause larger
contractions than ACh alone. Exposure to Cu and ACh for
10-15 min resulted in spontaneous spasmodic contraction.
Miller and MacKay 1983 k
Cu RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.01- 0.05 % Inhibited growth, accumulation of pigment in liver and
stomach cells; high mortality; after transfer to tap water
some survivors returned to normal.
Jordan et al. 1977 k
Cu XELA adult INJECT RESIDUE 1 Residues, Cu sig. accumulated in kidney with i.m. injection.
Suzuki et al. 1983 k
Cu XELA adult TISPREP PHYSIO Slowed kinetics of K system; decreased permeability in K and
Na systems, reversibly shifted Na activation curve in positive
direction along potential nerve axis in myelinated nerve.
Arhem 1980 k
Cu XXFR embryo IMMER MORT N/500000 (see
paper for
details)
Few tadpoles survived many days after leaving the spawn.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
Cu, Zn RAPI tadpoles IMMER BEHAV All mixture experiments with Cu and Zn resulted in 100 %
mortality within 9 h of exposure indicating synergistic
action.
Gottschalk 1995
cyanatryn RATE tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0.2-200 Animals exhibited lethargy, spasmodic twitching, lack of
feeding with exposure at various conc.
Scorgie and Olsen 1979 k
cyanazine ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS 19 IC50= 19, inhibitor conc. necessary for 50% inhibition of
17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor.
Vonier et al. 1996
cyanide RAPI adult TISPREP BEHAV 7.4 10 -1 - 10 -3
Rapid decline in sciatic nerve response occurred at 10 -1 but
very little inactivation noted for 10 -2 , 10 -3 .
Beck et al. 1982
cyclohexanone AMTI adult DERMAL BEHAV 0.1- 0.5 M Lavage with cyclohexanone decreased response to
cyclohexanone. 0.05 M produce more persistent response
decrements than 0.01 M.
Mason and Morton 1982
cyclohexanone DEXX adult DERMAL BEHAV 2, 16 and 25 Hyperactivity; weight loss; no mortality immediately after
exposure.
Whitaker 1993
cycloheximide CAXX adult INJECT PATH 1-10 Mortality occurred after 9, 16 and 21 d for 3 of the lizards
after 1mg/kg injections.
Coulson and Hernandez 1971