RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 5
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
amaranth HYGR tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0, 0.00125% Authors suggest the effects of staining on growth can
severely bias long-term mark-recapture studies or studies on
the relationship of growth rate to other variables which use
stained animals.
Travis 1981
amaranth XELA embryo- IMMER DEVOBS Lowest effect conc. = 25000 mg/L. Developmental toxicity Sakamoto et al. ?
larvae
occurred in a dose-dependent manner.
aminocarb RACL larvae IMMER BEHAV 21 5, 10 Results not extracted from paper.
Lyons et al. 1976 k
ammonium carbonate THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour described, animals that immersed
their heads quickly began to show signs of distress such as
foaming at the mouth, gaping and rubbing the side of the head
on the floor of the cage.
Secoy 1979
ammonium THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour described, contact with liquid Secoy 1979
hydroxide
ammonium on the head resulted in distress such as foaming at
the mouth, gaping and rubbing side of the head along the
floor of the cage.
ammonium nitrate PSTR tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 20±2 7.5-8.0 0, 2.5, 5 and Some mortality by 3-7 d; survival decreased sig. over time; Hecnar 1995
10 mg/L behavioural and morphological abnormalities within 24-48 h.
ammonium nitrate RACL tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 20±2 7.5-8.0 0, 2.5, 5 and
10 mg/L
Some mortality by 3-7 d. Survivorship decreased over time. Hecnar 1995
ammonium nitrate RAPI tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 20±2 7.5-8.0 0, 2.5, 5 and
10 mg/L
Some mortality by 3-7 d. Survivorship decreased over time. Hecnar 1995
ammonium nitrate RATE adult DERMAL MORT 49.4 g/m 2
EC50= 107 min in dry soil and 84 min in moist soils. Oldham et al. 1997
ammonium nitrate RATE adult IMMER MORT 6.2-12.4 g/m 2 EC50= 6.9 g/m 2 , effects usually lead to eventual death. This
study concluded that it is uncertain whether fertilizers
contribute to population declines.
Oldham et al. 1997
ammonium nitrate RATE adult DERMAL BEHAV Results not extracted from paper. Oldham et al. 1993
ammonium nitrate RATE adult (M) DERMAL BEHAV EC50= 1.9 g/m 2 ; acutely toxic; markedly reduced activity and Oldham and Hilton-Brown
change in ventilation pattern.
1992
ammonium nitrate TRVU larvae IMMER MORT 50-500 mg/L Larvae exposed to 50 mg/L showed no sig. dif. to control
larvae in feeding rate, mass at metamorphosis or time to
metamorphosis.
Watt and Oldham 1995
aniline XELA tadpole
(stage 38)
IMMER MORT 1-10000 ppm 2 wk and 90 d exposure.
Dumpert 1987 k
ansar SCCO adult IMMER MORT 100-100000
ppm
10000 ppm toxic to adults; 100000 ppm toxic to all adults
within 2 h.
Judd 1977 k
ansar SCCO juvenile IMMER MORT 100-100000
ppm
100 ppm not toxic to juveniles; 1000 ppm toxic to juveniles
but not adults; 100 % mortality at 72 h at 10000 ppm.
Judd 1977 k
arginine vasotocin AMTI adult IMMER PHYSIO Arginine vasotocin sig. increased dehydration in AMTI
adults, which was also true for larvae but not for neotenes.
Norman 1981
arginine vasotocin AMTI larvae IMMER PHYSIO Arginine vasotocin induces water loss in larvae (similar to
results for adults but not similar to neotene response).
Norman 1981