RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 2 - Field Studies - 21
Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Study
Endpoint g
Pesticide
Appl. Rate
Location, Area, State,
Country c
Study
Date
Effects de
Reference k
metalaxyl RACL juvenile PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 “ Lowcock et al. 1997
metals RARI adult ENVIRON PHYSIO emissions Ironwork area, Ironwork
Katowice region, Poland
< 1980 Frogs collected from an area close
to the factory had lower metabolic
rates than those from farther away.
Pytasz et al. 1980 k
methomyl XXSN not ENVIRON MORT Japan < 1979 Pesticide kills Habu snake with use Kihara and Yamashita
specified
of "open traps” with adhesive seats
containing pesticides without
polluting the environment.
1979
methylarsonic acid HYCH tadpoles PESTAPP DEVOBS 0,109,219 University of Mississippi < 1998 Increased frequency of lordosis. Britson and Threlkeld
ppb Field Station, MS, USA
1998
metolachlor ACCR adult ENVIRON POPSUR IL, USA 1995 Sufficient conc. of metolachlor
and/or atrazine in water to account
for observed damage to plant
populations utilized by ACCR
tadpoles.
Beasley et al. 1995
metolachlor RACL adult and PESTAPP MORT Hamilton, Brantford , 1993-95 Hatching success/survival rates at Harris et al. 1998
young of
Guelph, ON, CAN
site 2 were 50-95 and 7-87% in
the year
1993 and 1994 respectively.
metolachlor RAPI adult and PESTAPP MORT Hamilton, Brantford , 1993-95 Hatching success/survival rates at Harris et al. 1998
young of
Guelph, ON, CAN
site 2 were 5-70 and 0-62% in 1993
the year
and 1994 respectively.
metribuzin RACL adult; 2nd PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between Lowcock et al. 1997
and 3rd year
potato crop treated fields and
control group in terms of genotoxic
effects (chromosomal
fragmentation and abnormal DNA
profiles).
metribuzin RACL juvenile PESTAPP GENOTOX PQ, CAN 1993 There was no difference between
potato crop treated fields and
control group in terms of genotoxic
effects (chromosomal
fragmentation and abnormal DNA
profiles). Juveniles showed physical
deformities and illnesses.
Lowcock et al. 1997
mexacarbate RACL adult PESTAPP MORT 1 oz in 0.15 NB, CAN 1969 Green frog counts in both control Pearce and Rick 1969
U.S.G./acre
and experimental ponds followed
similar patterns. Frog numbers at
ponds either remained relatively
stable or increased slightly,
depending on age composition,
numbers of frogs and other factors.
mexacarbate RACL tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.007 kg/ha Acadian Forest
Experiment Station, NB,
CAN
< 1974 No toxic effects noted.
Rick and Price 1974 k
mexacarbate RACL tadpoles PESTAPP MORT 2 sprays of NB, CAN < 1995 After 3 d, no mexacarbate residues Sundaram 1995
70 g/ha
were found in pond sediment or
tissue of frogs.