RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 43
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
methoxyfluorane RAPI adult DERMAL MORT Effective anesthestic for RAPI; initial excitement (2 min)
followed by 38 min deep anaesthesia; recovery 7 h. Pulse and
cloacal temp were unaffected, but respiration slowed.
methyl demeton RATI egg IMMER DEVOBS 30-38 0.00001-
0.00003 %
20 % metamorphosis at 0.00003 %; 50 % metamorphosis at
0.00001 %; 42 - 472 d for metamorphosis in exposed groups
Reference k
Wass and Kaplan 1974
Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
1981 k
methyl demeton RATI tadpole IMMER DEVOBS 0.00001compared
to 337 in control.
40 % metamorphosed in 0.00004%; 80% metamorphosed at Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
(feeding
stage)
0.00004 % 0.00001 % 51 - 565 d mean time for metamorphosis in
exposed groups compared to 333 d in control.
1981 k
methyl demeton RATI tadpole IMMER DEVOBS 0.00001- < 0.0005 % 100 % metamorphosed; delayed metamorphosis. Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
(limb-bud)
0.0008 %
1981 k
methyl ethyl ketone DEXX adult DERMAL BEHAV 2, 16 and 25 Hyperactivity; weight loss; no mortality immediately after
exposure.
Whitaker 1993
methyl fluoroacetate RACL adult IMMER PHYSIO 0.001-50 mM 5 mM blocks nerve in 3 - 4 h; 50 mM blocks within 15 h.
0.005 and 0.001 M produced 80 and 25 % respectively;
inhibition of respiration after 2 h.
Boyarsky et al. 1949 k
methyl
isothiocyanate
XELA embyro
(yolk
IMMER DEVOBS 0.001-600 ppb 10 d mortality: 5 % in 0.001 ppb and 100 % in 10 ppb.
Embryos exposed to 100-500 ppb did not survive after 5 d;
Birch and Mitchell 1986
plug)
those exposed to 60 ppb did not complete neurulation.
k
methyl mercury
chloride
NOVI adult IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-1.0 Delayed metamorphosis; regeneration rate increased; 100%
mortality in 10 ppm after 8 d.
Chang et al. 1976 k
methyl mercury
chloride
RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -3 - 10 -4 M Dimethylmercury did not alter the electrical resistance or the
short circuit current across the skin at a conc. of 10 -3 M.
Methylmercuric chloride at 10 -4 M reduced both the electrical
resistance and short circuit current.
Yorio and Bentley 1973 k
methyl mercury
chloride
RAPI adult INJECT MORT 20 No toxic effects with injection into dorsal lymph sac or with
immersion.
Yorio and Bentley 1973 k
methyl mercury
chloride
RAPI embryo IMMER DEVOBS 21 5-30 ppb Tail defects, exogastrulation, stunting and poor general
development, death and severe defects occurred over a
narrow range of conc. and increased with exposure time and
increased conc.
Dial 1976 k
methyl mercury
chloride
RAPI tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0.001-1.0 Increased lethargy, irritative movement, abnormal swimming
postures, difficulties breathing and death at 0.05 - 0.01. 40 %
mortality at 24 h; 0.5 - 10 ppm. 100 % mortality at 24 h.
Chang et al. 1974 k
methyl mercury
chloride
XELA embyro IMMER HATSUC 0.0004-1.0 Decreased hatching success and increased mortality with
increased conc.
Dumper and Zietz 1984 k
methyl mercury XXNE adult INJECT PHYSIO 10 body wt A decrease in serum protein not due to hemodilution was Kikuchi et al. 1976
chloride
observed after mercury treatment.
methylarsonic acid LIEW adult IMMER MORT 300-400 No mortality.
Johnson 1976 k
methylarsonic acid LITA adult IMMER MORT 130-520 No mortality after 96 h.
Johnson 1976 k