RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Cd AMGR metamorp
hosis (18
mo)
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 11
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
ORAL RESIDUE 5701,
2458,and 982
µg/g
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
No effects on growth occurred. Tissues did increase in Cd
conc. with increase in food exposure conc., but food
retention was low at the two higher food conc. because of
regurgitation of the pellets.
Reference k
Nebeker et al. 1995
Cd AMTI larvae TISPREP PHYSIO 17-25 0.1-10 mM Decrease in photocurrent; Cd with Ca blocked the entry of
ions.
Menini and Rispoli 1988
Cd BUAR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 20, 30 6 x10 -7 - 1.5
x10 -5 At high conc. of Cd early malformations are sig. increased Perez-Coll et al. 1986
M whereas at low conc. higher temp. prevents alterations.
Cd BUAR embryo IMMER MORT 18-21 0.1-4 mg/L Results not extracted from paper. Herkovits and Pérez-Coll
1993
Cd BUAR embryo (2 IMMER
cell stage)
DEVOBS 0.03-4.0 High mortality; delayed development; alterations in
gastrulation and neurulation processes.
Perez-Coll et al. 1985 k
Cd BUAR embryo IMMER RESIDUE 0.06- 0.50 Similar uptake levels were found in all stages of embryos. Perez-Coll and Herkovits
(stage 5-
mg/L for 15- Range of uptake after 60 min of exposure was 0.0002- 0.006 1996
25)
240 min µg/embryo and 0.004- 0.023 µg/embryo after 240 min of
exposure.
Cd BUAR tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 20±1 5.3-6.8 1.0 mg/L Cd There is evidence that inorganic ions have a protective
action on the toxic effects of Cd.
Muino et al. 1990
Cd BURE adult (F) INJECT RESIDUE 6.2 Conc. determined after 24 - 96 h. Highest in liver 127 mg/g
after 48 h, dropped to 101 after 96 h; 72 mg/g in muscle
after 24 h dropped to 14 mg/g after 96 h; heart 13 - 21;
kidney 29-47; lung 5 - 18; spleen 1 - 3; blood 2 - 17.
Hilmy et al. 1986b k
Cd CYPY adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -4 M - 10 -7
M
10 -7 M - 10 -5 M did not affect electrical properties of
stomach mucous epithelial cells. 10 -4 M decreased membrane
potential to 66% of control.
Kanno et al. 1978 k
Cd GACA egg IMMER DEVOBS 7.5-8.0 1.34-122.8 Conc. effect at hatching and post hatching mortality.
Birge et al. 1977 k
Cd NOVI adult IMMER DEVOBS 2.25-6.75 Increased mortality with increased Cd conc. to 80% at 675 Manson and O'Flaherty 1978
ppm Cd after 51 d. Onset of limb regeneration delayed in all
exposure groups.
k
Cd RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 2 mM 413 % increase in short circuit current with epidermal
application; no change in SCC when externally applied to
abdominal skin.
Takada and Hayashi 1978a k
Cd RACA adult INJECT RESIDUE 0.5 once + 1.0 Cd conc. (SD): 24.3 (9.5) µg/g ww, 181 µg/g whole tissue for Suzuki and Akitomi 1983
body wt liver; 21.8 (6.7) µg/g ww, 22.5 µg/g whole tissue;
repeated metallothionein was induced in liver and kidney tissue.
Cd RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 2 mM Decreased skin resistance upon epidermal application.
Arita et al. 1979 k
Cd RACA adult IMMER PHYSIO 5.0-12.5µM Eyes: depressed rod receptor potential 50% in high Cd while
leaving cone response unaffected.
Fox and Sillman 1979 k