RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Contaminant
b
Concentration
b
LC50
malathion 10.9
(10.6-
11.3)
EC50 b
mean
P=0.33;
G=0.79;
(N): 2.16
TI d
TI (P):
33.2; TI
(N): 5.1;
TI (G):
13.8
malathion 3, 15, 30 µM 0.7 x
10 -9 M
(lysyl
oxidase
inhibition
)
Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 13
MCIG d
NOEL d
LOEL d
Effects/Notes de
10-fold less potent than its metabolite
(malaoxon). Severe edema at 10 mg/L.
Minimal curvature to severe notochordal
bending. Barrel-shaped embryos. Inactive
until disturbed, then responded with
erratic movements. Significantly shorter
than controls. (p= effect of abnormal
pigmentation observed; g= effect of
abnormal gut observed; n= abnormal
notochord).
Enzyme activity was inhibited by
malathion, notochords were bent and
disorganized. Malathion alters posttranslational
modification of collagen
with resultant morphological defects in
connective tissue.
Reference k
Snawder and Chambers 1989
Snawder and Chambers 1993
mancozeb 3.08 mg/L 0.03 mg/L Tadpole. Channing 1998
MCPA 3607 299 mg/L 2691
EC50 was 248 mg/L after 15 minutes. Vismara et al. 1996
mg/L (5 min.) mg/L
MCPA 2000 mg/L 3.6 mg/L LC10=1.56 mg/L. Bernardini et al. 1996
MCPA 22.65-2900
16 h after exposure MPC=725 mg/L and Vismara and Garavaglia 1997
mg/L
LU=163.2 mg/L; 24 h after exposure
MPC=1450 mg/L and LU=12.78 mg/L.
methimazole 10-100 µg/L 10 µg/L 25 µg/L Stage 60-66; decreased tail resorption. Fort and Stover 1997
methoprene No effect for conc. between 0.25 and 1.5
µg/L. Effects that were noted were the
same as those found from retinoic acid.
La Clair et al. 1998
methotrexate 230-508 20-30 11.5 -
23.1
10 - 30 Bantle et al. 1990
methyl mercury chloride 0.083 0.024 3.4 0.036
Two trials were conducted to determine Rayburn et al. 1991a
mg/L mg/L
mg/L
the LC and EC50, TI and MCIG. The
second trial resulted in 0.094 mg/L, 0.025
mg/L, 3.7 and 0.04 mg/L, respectively.
Methylmercury chloride was less
teratogenic than TCE. EC25(96) = 0.015
mg/L. LC50(96) = 0.088 mg/L.
Mg In assays performed with the standard
Mg 2+ conc. (620 µmol/L), the incidence
of malformations in embryos averaged
5.4%; and increased at low Mg 2+ conc.
(32±7% at 62 µmol/L.
Luo et al. 1993b