RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Contaminant
b
Concentration
b
LC50
azinphos-methyl 7.62-
11.9 mg/L
(100mL)
BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) >10 mg/L
(inactive)
EC50 b
11 mg/L
(inactive)
TI d
3.4
(10mL),1
.9(100mL
)
Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 4
MCIG d
NOEL d
LOEL d
Effects/Notes de
0.51,3.11 1.31,7.31 Embryos exposed to 10 mL volumes
mg/L based mg/L based exhibited increased mortality,
on on deformation and decreased size compared
deformity deformity to those at 100 mL volumes (percent
at 10 ml, at 10 ml, hatch was never less than 91%). Percent
100 ml 100 ml deformities: 73-89% ( 3 mg/L in 10 mL
vol.), >2% (3 mg/L in 100 mL vol.).
Activated LC50 also >10 mg/L (median
lethal conc. exceeded the limit of
solubility in 1% DMSO). The activated
EC50 was 0.1.7 mg/L. The TI increased
upon activation. At conc. > 2.5 mg/L,
inactivated compound elicited moderate
gut malformations.
Reference k
Schuytema et al. 1994
Fort et al. 1989
brodifacoum Moderately positive teratogenic
potential.
DeYoung et al. 1991
BTH14 (Bacillus
163.2 0.02 mg/L Tadpole. Channing 1998
thuringiensis)
mg/L
butyric acid 0-640 mg/L 400.8
EC50 in mixture:41.2 (38.4-44.0). TU in Dawson 1991
(368.0-
mixture for malformation: 0.103 (0.096-
432.0)
0.110).
BZH (benzoic hydrazide) EC50=
In combination with ß-
Dawson 1993
18.7 mg/L
aminopropionitrile at conc. that induce
malformation: conc. additive at all ratios
(TU=1.0), this TU occurred at all three
ratios tested (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3).
BZH (benzoic hydrazide) 96 h 96 h = 25°C=1.9;
Gross effects produced by changes in Riggin and Schultz 1986
=113.68 58.58 20°C=7.9
connective tissue fibres of the
mg/L mg/L
notochordal sheath; effects were conc.
and to lesser extent developmental stage
dependent; teratogenic indices suggest
that benzoic hydrazine is a
developmental hazard.
caffeine 0.19 0.13 1.46 Edema occurred at conc. >2.0 mg/mL,
spinal kinking occurred at 3.5 mg/mL,
severe kinking, optic and facial
malformations and edema occurred >4.5
mg/mL.
DeYoung et al. 1996
caffeine 0.24 - 0.074 - 1.8 - 3.4 0.05 -
Bantle et al. 1994b
0.35 0.158
0.09
caffeine 0.252 - 0.107 - 1.83 - 0.04 - 0.1 Dawson and Bantle 1987b
0.297 1.52 2.36