RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 6: pH study data. (Studies that alter pH under laboratory or field conditions including the combined effects of pH and
various contaminants)
Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50 LC100 e
Effects eg
Reference k
ACCC larvae RESIDUE Al Al conc. were greater than that of other
metals except for Fe, Mg and Mn. Al was
higher in clay than in loam soils.
Sparling and Lowe 1996
ACCR larvae BEHAV 5.3-6.6 ACCR tadpole abundance was less in acidified Sparling et al. 1995
macrocosms than in circumneutral ones and
less in those with loam soils than in
macrocosms with clay soils.
ACGR embryo DEVOBS 4.1 Results not extracted from paper.
Gosner and Black 1957 k
AMJE adult PHYSIO 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 After 4 d of exposure adults demonstrated an Horne and Dunson 1994
apparent substrate selection. At the
termination of the experiment (7d), none of
the salamanders remained on the pH 3.5
substrate, 3 were on the pH 4.0 substrate and
7 were on the pH 4.5 substrate.
AMJE adult POPSUR 4.62 Not observed in ponds with mean pH < 4.62. k
Freda and Dunson 1986
AMJE egg HATSUC 4.3, 5.3, 6.3,
7.0
10 At pH 4.3 100% of eggs died (n=200). At
pH 5.3, 26% died (n=72), At pH 6.3, 15%
died (n=68). At pH 7.0, 22% of eggs died
(n=67).
Brodman 1993
AMJE egg HATSUC 4-8 Greatest hatching success at pH 5-6.
Pough and Wilson 1977 k
AMJE embryo HATSUC 4.0-5.8 10 % hatching at pH 4.75 - 5.8; 25%
hatching at pH 4.5 and 0% < pH 4.5.
Freda and Dunson 1986 k
AMJE embryo MORT ambient field pH ambient
At 14 d, mortality was not significantly Horne and Dunson 1994
field
different between sites. After 28 d of
temp
development, mortality was significantly
lower in the control ponds than in the ponds
lacking AMJE.
AMJE embryo POPSUR 4.0-5.75 10 &15 At 14 d:
At both 10°C and 15°C, pH had a significant Horne and Dunson 1994
4.4 (15°C),
effect on hatching success. Temperature and
4.55
pH interacted to determine the hatching
(10°C)
success of the embryos; low pH was more
toxic at the lower temperature.
AMJE embryo DEVOBS 4.5-5.5 Al 130-800 Decreasing pH led to decreased hatching
success and developmental processes and
increased egg mass and larval mortality.
Horne and Dunson 1995
AMJE embryo HATSUC 4.5 Did not hatch below 4.5.
Freda and Dunson 1985 k