RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) RACL tadpoles BEHAV 4.0, 3.5 (behaviour) Table 6 - pH Studies - 24 Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 20-22 3.36 (96 h); N=30/treat -ment LC100 e Effects eg Behaviour - Along with RASY, RACL were the least sensitive species and did not avoid pH 4.0. A significant correlation was found between the 96 h LC50 pH and the % reduction in use of the two acidified octants (pH 4.0). Reference k Freda and Taylor 1992 RACL tadpoles BEHAV 5.3-6.6 No differences were observed among treatments for RACL or RAUT tadpoles. Sparling et al. 1995 RACL tadpoles PHYSIO 4.0 Substantially increased transepithelial net ion McDonald et al. 1984 loss and net acid uptake, and a slight inhibition of active ion transport. Disturbances disappeared by 7 h exposure in tadpoles but persisted in juveniles. k RACL tadpoles (stage 25- 30) MORT 4.1-4.5 Mortality estimated from graph, 10 % at pH 4.5 and 90 % at pH 4.1. Gascon and Bider 1985 k RACY adult MORT 4.0-10 15 - 35 Cr 115 mg/L Increased toxicity evident with increased Joshi and Patil 1992 (female) = 96 h temperature, or decreased pH and water LC50 hardness. RADA egg HATSUC 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 12-15 Al 100-800 100 % mortality of embryos at pH 4.0 within 2 d, and 6% mortality at pH 5.0, 6.0. Embryo mortality not affected by Al alone but synergistic effect of Al and pH at 5.0, and 6.0 resulted in increased mortality. Andren et al. 1988 RADA eggs DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 Al 100-800 Low pH exerted a string harmful effect and high levels of Al almost completely precluded successful reproduction. Andren and Nilson 1988 RADA larvae DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 Al 100-800 Low pH exerted a strongly harmful effect and high levels of Al almost completely precluded successful reproduction. Andren and Nilson 1988 RAES adult POPSUR 4.0-5.0 76 % of water bodies at pH 5 and 4-5 contained RAES; 63.3 % of water bodies at pH 4.0. Leuven et al. 1986 k RAES egg POPSUR 4.0-5.0 In acidic waters, egg masses became heavily infested with fungi. Leuven et al. 1986 k RAES egg DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Most hatchlings at pH 4.0 were deformed; at pH 4.5 and 5.0 few deformities noted. Leuven et al. 1986 k RAES larvae (stage 29- DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Al 185 µmol/L pH medium: 6 % mortality at pH 4.0 and 4.5 Leuven et al. 1986 ; no mortality at pH 5.0. In Al medium: 100 33) % mortality in all groups. k RAES tadpoles MORT 6.4-8.1 TPT Lower growth rate, longer larval period at pH 6.4. Fioramonti et al. 1997
Table 6 - pH Studies - 25 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RAES tadpoles POPSUR 4.0-5.0 No tadpoles found in pH < 5.0. Leuven et al. 1986 k RALE tadpoles MORT 6.4-8.1 TPT Higher growth rate, shorter larval period. Fioramonti et al. 1997 RAMU adult POPSUR Acidification is not responsible for population decline, however, species has now disappeared from study area. Bradford et al. 1994 RAMU embryo HATSUC 4-6 Al 75 Results not extracted from paper. Bradford et al. 1991 RAMU embryo MORT 4.5-6.0 ambient UV-B 0-6403.3 J/m2day For most treatments (non sediment) R. outdoor mucosa had either 100% survivorship or only one death per dish with only the pH 4.5 in combination with UV-B at 6403.3 J/m 2 Long 1993 day (16% ozone reduction) differing where there was 50% survivorship (3 deaths). RAMU embryo MORT 4.0-6.0 15 Al 0 or mg/L 4.4 The estimated extreme pH for Sierra Nevada Bradford et al. 1992 0.039- surface waters (5.0) did not cause a 0.080 significant reduction in survival for either life stage or species. Sublethal effects were evident as reduced body size in embryos at pH 5.0 and 5.25. RAMU tadpoles HATSUC 4-6 Al 75 Increases of Al resulted in reduced growth rates. Bradford et al. 1991 RAMU tadpoles MORT 4.0-6.0 15 Al 0 or mg/L
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 249 and 250: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
Page 265 and 266: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 11 Contam
Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
Page 279 and 280: Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Co
Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
Page 339 and 340: References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
Page 341 and 342: References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
Page 343 and 344: References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
Page 345 and 346: References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
Page 347 and 348: References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
Page 349 and 350: References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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