RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 22 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RAAR larvae DEVOBS 4.2 Larvae survival significantly higher in progeny from acidic locality and larvae metamorphosed earlier and at a larger size than those originating form neutral pH locality. Andrén et al. 1989 RAAR larvae DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 Al 100-800 Low pH exerted a strong harmful effect and high levels of Al almost completely precluded successful reproduction. Andren and Nilson 1988 RAAR larvae (stage 29- DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Al 185 µmol/L No mortality in pH medium alone; 75 % mortality at pH 4.5 in Al medium and 83.3 Leuven et al. 1986 33) % mortality at pH 5.0; no mortality at pH 4.0 in Al medium. k RAAR tadpoles POPSUR 4.0-5.0 No tadpoles found in pH < 5.0. Leuven et al. 1986 k RACA adult PHYSIO 7.2-10 Cd Cd at pH 7.2 decreased contractility of the cardiac muscle, however, if pH was raised, this effect was reduced. Horiuchi and Hayashi 1979 RACA adult POPSUR 4.44-6.63 Did not occur in ponds with pH > 5.0. Clark 1986 k RACA adult POPSUR pH range= 4.53-6.97. Doka et al. 1997 RACA adult (100- 300 g) PHYSIO 4.6 Brain AChE activity altered in pH dependent Marquis 1982 fashion. Animals raised at pH 4.6 died within 7 - 10 d. k RACA adult (brain) PHYSIO 4.6-6.6 Al Brain AChE levels. Marquis 1982 k RACA embryo MORT 3.8-4.01 14.4-19 100 % mortality at pH 3.8 - 4.01. Saber and Dunson 1978 k RACA embryo HATSUC 3.5-6.8 20 3.5-3.8 Critical pH was 4.0-4.5. One egg mass showed unusually high embryonic survival in comparison to the other 5 egg masses. Hatching success was generally high and statistically the same for pH 4.5 and above. Grant and Licht 1993 RACA embryo DEVOBS pH 4.3 = 50 % or more developed normally. k Gosner and Black 1957 RACA larvae PHYSIO 2.5-4.0 Acute exposure depressed Na influx and accelerated Na efflux. Increased external Ca slowed loss of Na. Initial body Na content was inversely correlated with acid tolerance. Freda and Dunson 1985 k RACA tadpoles POPSUR Results not extracted from paper. Mallory et al. 1996 RACA tadpoles HATSUC 3.5-6.3 20 3.5-3.8 Critical pH was 4.0. No significant difference Grant and Licht 1993 in mean total length of tadpoles occurred at pH 4.5 or higher. Body length of tadpoles at pH 4.0 was less than at higher pH.
Table 6 - pH Studies - 23 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RACA tadpoles (stage 25- MORT 3.9-4.3 Near 0 % mortality at pH 4.3; 78% mortality at pH 4.2 and 100 % mortality at Gascon and Bider 1985 30) pH 3.9. k RACL adult BEHAV 4-7 Results not extracted from paper. Vatnick et al. 1996 RACL adult POPSUR 3.5-3.9 Both adults and larvae found in fields at pH 3.5 - 3.9. Dale et al. 1985 RACL adult POPSUR 4.44 - 6.63 Occurred in all ponds; densities increased in more acidic ponds; egg mass density was reduced as pH decreased. Clark 1986 k RACL adult POPSUR pH range= 4.53-6.97. Doka et al. 1997 RACL all POPSUR 4.3-7.3 Al, Zn Amphibians were present in all 118 potential Glooschenko et al. 1992 breeding sites. The presence of RACL was positively related to buffering status (alkalinity, pH and other correlated variables). RACL embryo MORT 3.7-3.99 14.4-19 0 % mortality. Saber and Dunson 1978 k RACL embryo HATSUC 3.75-5.8 100 % hatching in soft water at pH 4.25 and Freda and Dunson 1986 only 35 % in acidic bog water; 100 % hatching at pH 4.00 in soft water and only 10 % in acidic bog water. k RACL embryo HATSUC 4.4-7.85 21% decrease in hatching success at low pH. Lower temperatures and low pH also resulted in decreased length of frogs. Schalk et al. 1998 RACL embryo DEVOBS At pH 4.1 50 % or more developed normally. Gosner and Black 1957 k RACL juvenile PHYSIO 4.0 Substantially increased transepithelial net ion McDonald et al. 1984 loss and net acid uptake, and a slight inhibition of active ion transport. Disturbances disappeared by 7 h exposure in tadpoles by persisted in juveniles. k RACL larvae PHYSIO 2.5-4.0 Acute exposure depressed Na influx and accelerated Na efflux. Increased external Ca slowed loss of Na. Initial body Na content was inversely correlated with acid tolerance. Freda and Dunson 1985 k RACL larvae (stage 25- MORT 3.3-6.0 5, 21 100 % survival after 14 d at 21°C for pH 3.5 Dale et al. 1985 - 6.0; 80 % survival at pH 5.0 after 38 d at 29) 5°C. k RACL tadpoles POPSUR Results not extracted from paper. Mallory et al. 1996
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 247 and 248: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
Page 339 and 340: References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
Page 341 and 342: References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
Page 343 and 344: References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
Page 345 and 346: References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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