RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 32 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RASY tadpoles DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient mg/L In the treatment combinations with no Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor metals present, acute survival of RASY was significantly higher in the high water hardness (100%) than in the low water hardness treatment (87%). After 28 d of exposure there were no significant pH or hardness effects. RASY tadpoles MORT 4.16-6.36 Al 0.115- mg/L Percent mortality was significantly different Freda and McDonald 1993 1.180 (total among ponds. Mortality was correlated with Al) both total Al and pH. Total Al had a higher r² than did labile Al. Other ions measured were not correlated with mortality. Some malformation was noted. RASY tadpoles PHYSIO 4.5-6.37 Tadpoles from pond with pH 4.5 - 4.90 had lower body Na, Cl, and water conc. than those from nearby pond with pH 5.74 - 6.37. Tadpoles from either pond placed in low pH had higher Na efflux than when placed in high pH. Freda and Dunson 1985 k RASY tadpoles DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Al, Cu, Pb, mg/L The all-metals mixture treatment induced Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor Fe, Zn significantly higher mortality for both species during acute and chronic exposure. There were no effects of pH or water hardness on the acute survival of RASY. RASY tadpoles DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Al 0.525 mg/L The presence of Al significantly reduced Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor survival during both acute and chronic exposure. Toxicity of Al to RASY was significantly lower in low water hardness treatments (73 vs 52%). RASY tadpoles DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Fe 0.02 mg/L There were no significant negative effects of Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor iron, lead and zinc on RASY or AMJE during acute or chronic exposure. Likewise, there were no significant effects of iron, lead or zinc on RASY or AMJE wet mass. RASY tadpoles DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Pb 0.01 mg/L There were no significant negative effects of Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor iron, lead and zinc on RASY or AMJE during acute or chronic exposure. Likewise, there were no significant effects of iron, lead or zinc on RASY or AMJE wet mass.
Table 6 - pH Studies - 33 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RASY tadpoles DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Zn 0.115 mg/L There were no significant negative effects of Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor iron, lead and zinc on RASY or AMJE during acute or chronic exposure. Likewise, there were no significant effects of iron, lead or zinc on RASY or AMJE wet mass. RASY tadpoles MORT 4.2 and >4.7 Al 10-30 µM Total dissolved Al was higher in acidified Rowe et al. 1992 (pH4.2),5 enclosure compared to controls (pH >4.7). -15 Survival was unaffected by pH. Mean wet (pH>4.7) masses were significantly lower at pH 4.2 than at pH > 4.7. RASY tadpoles - DEVOBS 4.2 and >6.0 Al 16 (pH= µM Survival not associated with pH. Time to Rowe et al. 1992 metamorph 4.2), 0.1 metamorphosis was longer for RASY at pH (pH>6.0) 4.2. No differences in wet masses at metamorphosis between the two pH levels. RATE adult POPSUR 4.0-5.0 68.8 % of water bodies at pH 5.0 contained Leuven et al. 1986 RATE; 55 % of water at pH 4-5; and 17.7 % of water at pH 4.0. k RATE adult POPSUR Population decreased in acidified lakes. Hagstrom 1981 k RATE adult BEHAV 0.01 - 0.1 mol/L Threshold = 0.01 and almost 100 % avoidance at 0.1 mol/L; efficiency of acidic stimulants is determined by quality of anions rather than pH value; difference in pH of two efficient solutions of different acids can be as big as 1.0. Manteifel 1991 RATE adult PHYSIO 2.7-8.0 0.005-0.1 Threshold of skin sensitivity for the three Margolis and Manteifel 1991 mol/L acids was 0.01 mol/L; in behavioural and electrophysiological experiments. Stimulus efficiency appeared dependent on concentration in the range of 0.01 - 0.1 mol/L. RATE egg HATSUC 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 12-15 Al 100-800 79% embryos died at pH 4.0, < 5% at pH 5.0, and 6.0. Embryo mortality not associated with Al alone but synergistic effects of Al and pH at 5.0, and 6.0 resulted in increased mortality. Andren et al. 1988 RATE egg POPSUR 4.0-5.0 In acidic waters, egg masses became heavily infested with fungi. Leuven et al. 1986 k RATE egg DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Most hatchlings at pH 4.0 were deformed; at pH 4.5 or 5.0 few deformities noted. Leuven et al. 1986 k RATE eggs DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 100-800 Low pH exerted a strong harmful effect and high levels of Al almost completely precluded successful reproduction. Andren and Nilson 1988
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
Page 339 and 340: References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
Page 341 and 342: References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
Page 343 and 344: References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
Page 345 and 346: References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
Page 347 and 348: References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
Page 349 and 350: References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
Page 351 and 352: References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
Page 353 and 354: References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
Page 355 and 356: References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
Page 357 and 358: References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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