RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 53
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
Pb acetate NEMA adult IMMER PHYSIO 1 % Destruction of mature erythrocytes which stimulated
differentiation and proliferation of erythrocytes in blood.
Dawson 1933 k
Pb acetate RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 25 Destruction of erythrocytes and necrosis of liver, spleen and
intestinal mucosa; high mortality. Action of lead nitrate
more rapid than action of Pb acetate.
Barrett 1947 k
Pb acetate RAHE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -9 - 10 -5 M Discusses the effects of Pb and Ca on diogoxin cardiotoxicity. Muthu et al. 1993
Pb acetate RAHE adult IMMER PHYSIO 10 -7 M Pre-perfusion by 10 -7 M for 20 min segmented dioxin-induced
cardiotoxicity; reduction in total dioxin exposure and time
taken for systolic arrest.
Krishnamoorthy et al. 1987 k
Pb acetate XXFR adult IMMER MORT 1-100 Adults killed at 100 ppm.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
Pb acetate XXFR egg IMMER DEVOBS 1-100 1- 5 ppm partly or fully inhibited germination of eggs.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
Pb acetate XXFR tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 1-100 2 ppm toxic to tadpoles.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
Pb nitrate LAAG adult ORAL PHYSIO 4 µm/g body wt Inhibition of neurosecretory processes and degeneration of
cell nuclei.
Biczycki 1992c
Pb nitrate LAAG adult INJECT PHYSIO 20 µm/g body Lead nitrate diminishes SDH activity and intensifies LDH. Biczycki 1992a
wt
Decrease in neurosecretory activity in NSO and NPV cells
during the first phase, followed by a considerable
intensification of the process in the second phase.
Pb nitrate RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 25 Destruction of erythrocytes and necrosis of liver, spleen and
intestinal mucosa; high mortality.
Barrett 1947 k
Pb nitrate RAES adult TISPREP PHYSIO
10-5
M Inhibition of isosmotic, active transport-coupled volume flow
Celentano et al. 1979
in leg skin.
k
Pb nitrate RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 8 25-300 24 of 300 individuals dead after 30 d. Mortality occurred in
all Pb exposed groups.
Kaplan et al. 1967 k
Pb nitrate RATI adult INJECT BEHAV 400-700 /kg Higher conc. of Pb resulted in accumulation of numerous
nuclei in several regions and complete vacuolization of
hepatocytes.
Kalyani and Patil 1986
Pb nitrate XXFR adult IMMER MORT Adults killed at 100 ppm; inhibitory effects on germination
of frog.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
Pb nitrate XXFR egg IMMER DEVOBS 1-100 1 - 5 ppm partly of fully inhibited germination of eggs.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
Pb nitrate XXFR tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 1-100 2 ppm toxic to tadpoles with external gills, more sensitive
than those with internal gills.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
PCB BOCO adult ENVIRON PHYSIO Histopathological lesions found in liver and kidney. PCB
levels in liver and fat relatively high.
Wojcik et al. 1995
PCB CHSE adult ENVIRON RESIDUE Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260 as well as combinations
of these do not necessarily reflect environmental
contaminants found in turtle fat tissue.
Schwartz et al. 1987
PCB EPST adult ENVIRON PHYSIO Histopathological lesions found in liver and kidney. PCB
conc. in liver and fat of ill snakes was relatively high.
Wojcik et al. 1995