RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 33
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
Fe RACA tadpoles ORAL DEVOBS Changes in metalloprotein, ferritin, is tracked through Osaki et al. 1974
(stages 20-
29)
developmental metamorphosis in tadpoles.
fenitrothion AMMA larvae IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9 (1 2 ppm led to initial paralysis; almost 100% mortality Berrill et al. 1995
and 8d exp) occurred at 9 ppm.
fenitrothion BUAM tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9 Lack of avoidance behaviour at 2 and 5 ppm; rapid recovery; Berrill et al. 1995
(1d and 8d
exp)
relatively unaffected at 9 ppm.
fenitrothion MIOR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 25 1-13 mg/L Behavioural and morphological abnormalities. Pawar and Katdare 1983
fenitrothion RACA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0.5, 1.0, 4.0,
8.0
No effect. Berrill et al. 1994
fenitrothion RACA tadpole IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9 Initial paralysis and rapid recovery at 5 ppm; >80% died at 9 Berrill et al. 1995
(8d old)
ppm within 24 h. of exposure.
fenitrothion RACA tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9
(1d and 8d
exp)
30% mortality at 5 ppm; 100% mortality at 9 ppm. Berrill et al. 1995
fenitrothion RACA tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, Behavioural abnormalities increased with level and duration Berrill et al. 1994
8.0
of exposure; impaired development observed.
fenitrothion RACA tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9 Initial paralysis and rapid recovery of survivors; 100% Berrill et al. 1995
(1d and 8d
exp)
mortality at 9 ppm, treated at 1 d old.
fenitrothion RACL embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0.5, 1.0, 4.0,
8.0
No effect. Berrill et al. 1994
fenitrothion RACL larvae IMMER RESIDUE 1 5.3 after 1 h. Peaked at 11.5 at 1 d.
Lyons et al. 1976 k
fenitrothion RACL larvae IMMER BEHAV 21 1-2 Sig. decrease in mean activity time recorded at 2 ppm but not
at 1 ppm.
Lyons et al. 1976 k
fenitrothion RACL not IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9 50% mortality at 2, 5 and 9 ppm following exposure. Berrill et al. 1995
specified
(1d and 8d
exp)
fenitrothion RACL tadpole
(8d old)
IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9 No effect at 1 and 2 ppm; 5-20% mortality at 5 and 9 ppm. Berrill et al. 1995
fenitrothion RACL tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 15 1, 2, 5 and 9
(1d and 8d
exp)
Approx. 50% mortality at 2, 5 and 9 ppm. Berrill et al. 1995
fenitrothion RACL tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, Tadpoles unresponsive to prodding or paralysed from 2.0-8.0 Berrill et al. 1994
8.0
ppm, yet all but those exposed at 8.0 ppm recovered within 3
d.
fenitrothion RAES adult (M) INJECT PHYSIO 0.2 mg/100 g
body wt
Fenitrothion selectively inhibited some esterase fractions. Zikic et al. 1988
fenitrothion RAPI embryo IMMER DEVOBS 15 0.5, 1.0, 4.0,
8.0
No effect. Berrill et al. 1994