RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 67
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
tricyclohexyltin
hydroxide
EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 72 h lethal time to survival past 3 d at 1% conc. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
tri-o-tolyl
GACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO No symptoms were exhibited in GACA exposed in one or two Fulton and Chambers 1983
phosphate/ TTP
treatments.
tri-o-tolyl
phosphate/ TTP
HYCH embryo DERMAL DEVOBS 100 Not toxic or teratogenic after dermal exposure.
Fulton and Chambers 1985 k
tri-o-tolyl
PSCR tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO No symptoms were exhibited in PSCR exposed in one or two Fulton and Chambers 1983
phosphate/ TTP
treatments.
Tritox-30 RATE tadpoles IMMER MORT 0.015-1.92 At low conc. (0.015 mg/L), 12.5% mortality after 96 h. No Wojcik and Ranke-Rybicka
mg/L mortality occurred after 24 h in conc. < 0.24 mg/L. At high
conc. (1.92 mg/L), 72.5% mortality after 96 h.
1971
Tritox-30 XELA tadpoles IMMER MORT 0.015-1.92 At low conc. (0.015 mg /L) 10 % mortality after 96 h. At Wojcik and Ranke-Rybicka
mg/L high conc. (1.92 mg/L ), 83.4 % mortality after 96 h. Growth 1971
inhibited in exposure groups.
tryclopyr RACA embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 No effect. Berrill et al. 1994
tryclopyr RACA tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 2.4 and 4.8 ppm exposure groups died; dose dependent
avoidance behaviour response.
Berrill et al. 1994
tryclopyr RACL embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 No effect. Berrill et al. 1994
tryclopyr RACL tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 Dose dependent mortality and avoidance behaviour response
observed.
Berrill et al. 1994
tryclopyr RAPI embryo IMMER DEVOBS 15 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 No effect. Berrill et al. 1994
tryclopyr RAPI tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 Dose dependent mortality and avoidance behaviour response. Berrill et al. 1994
trypan blue RAPI egg IMMER DEVOBS various Aberrant development. Greenhouse and Hamburgh
1968
trypan blue XELA adult IMMER MORT 0-4000 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991
between other animal species tested. A/D ratio= 13.3.
trypan blue XELA adult IMMER MORT 0-1000 mg/L Death and defects were noted in embryos exposed for four d
postfertilization.
Daston et al. 1991
trypan blue XELA embryo- IMMER DEVOBS Lowest effect conc.= 500 mg/L. Developmental toxicity Sakamoto et al. ?
larvae
occurred in a dose-dependent manner.
TSP RATE adult (M) DERMAL BEHAV 13 Slightly elevated lung ventilation during first h and
subsequently appeared normal, after 4 d one frog died;
decreased mass in treated groups; EC50= 9.7 g/m 2 Oldham and Hilton-Brown
.
1992
U CYPY adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -6 - 10 -4 M Almost no effect on the electrical properties of stomach
mucous epithelial cells.
Kanno et al. 1978 k
urea RATE adult (M) DERMAL BEHAV One individual showed increased ventilation rates after two h;
decreased mass; EC50= 17.5 g/m 2 Oldham and Hilton-Brown
.
1992
UV AMGR egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= approx. 1, similar to BUBO, sig. less
than HYRE.
Blaustein et al. 1994b
UV AMMA egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= approx 1, similar to BUBO and TAGR,
sig. less than HYRE.
Blaustein et al. 1994b