RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 28
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
dimethoate RATI egg IMMER DEVOBS 30-38 0.0001- 0.001
%
dimethoate RATI egg IMMER DEVOBS 30-38 0.0001-
0.0009 %
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Delayed and deceased incidence of metamorphosis in exposed
eggs; < 0.0002 % no effects.
Eggs treated with 0.0001 - 0.0009 % exhibited increased time
to metamorphosis, decreased average larval length at
metamorphosis and conc. dependent mortality. No eggs
treated with 0.001 - 0.009 % dimethoate reached
Reference k
Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
1981 k
Dutta and Mohanty-Hejmadi
1978 k
dimethoate RATI tadpole IMMER DEVOBS 30-38
metamorphosis.
80% metamorphosed at 0.001 %; < 0.001 no effect. Delayed Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
(limb bud)
metamorphosis at 0.0001 - 0.001 %.
1981 k
dimethoate RATI tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 30-38 0.0001- Increased exposure conc. lead to increased time to
Dutta and Mohanty-Hejmadi
0.0009 % metamorphosis and decreased avg length at metamorphosis.
1978 k
dimethoate XELA < 2 d IMMER MORT 20 100 d NOEL: Mortality= 1; Development= 32; Growth= 32
mg/L.
Slooff and Canton 1983 k
dimethyl disulfide AMTI adult DERMAL BEHAV 0.1- 0.5 M Lavage with dimethyl disulfide decreased response to
dimethyl disulfide in behaviour tests.
Mason and Morton 1982
dinitrocresol XELA < 2 d IMMER MORT 20 100 d NOEL: Mortality= 0.32; Development= 0.32; Growth=
Slooff and Canton 1983
0.32 mg/L.
k
dinocap XELA adult IMMER MORT 0-1.0 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991
between other animal species tested. A/D ratio=>10.
dinocap XELA embryo IMMER MORT 0-10 mg/L Death and defects were noted in embryos exposed for 4 d
post-fertilization.
Daston et al. 1991
dinoseb XELA adult IMMER MORT 0- 0.1 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991
between other animal species tested. A/D ratio=>5.
dinoseb XELA embryo IMMER MORT 0- 0.1 mg/L All tadpoles died from exposure. Daston et al. 1991
diphacin PICA adult ORAL MORT fed avg. of
14.74 mg
18 snakes showed no observable effects when fed rats. Brock 1965
diquat RAPI egg IMMER DEVOBS 18 100 Reduced viability and increased exogastrulation. None
survived beyond 14 d post-hatch.
Bimber and Mitchell 1978 k
diquat RAPI embryo
(gastrula)
IMMER DEVOBS 2-10 mg/L 15 d old embryo exhibited increased survival over gastrula
stage embryos (78 % vs 34 % respectively). At 10 mg/L > 70
% survival 16 d post treatment in 2 and 5 mg/L.
Dial and Dial 1987 k
diquat RATE adult INJECT PHYSIO 20-25 4 µL/g body wt Labeled compounds were taken up by various tissues. Lindquist et al. 1988
diquat XELA embryo
(tail bud)
IMMER DEVOBS 0.5-2.0 Reduced body size and pigmentation; 15 ppm produced some
distortion in body shape; 95 % survival at 0.5 ppm; 20 %
survival at 20 ppm.
Anderson and Prahlad 1976 k
diquat, nabam XELA embryo
(tail bud)
IMMER PHYSIO 0.75 diquat/2
nabam
100 % mortality within 6 d. Size of larvae reduced, melanin
synthesis retarded, muscle fibres less developed.
Anderson and Prahlad 1976 k
distillery effluent RAHE egg IMMER HATSUC 31 0.3-2.1% Rate of hatching decreased and rate of mortality increased
with increasing effluent conc. Hatching was delayed by 1 - 2 d
and hatching success dropped to 42 - 46 %.
Andrews et al. 1990