RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 62
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
sodium fluoride HEFL adult IMMER DEVOBS 50-5000
µg/mL
sodium hypochlorite,
Cl
PLWA larvae IMMER PHYSIO 20±0.25 0- 0.25 mg/L
active Cl
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
50 µg/mL showed hastening of healing compared to controls,
250-2500 µg/mL showed delayed wound healing and 3000-
5000 µg/mL showed high mortality rates.
Chlorine levels of 0.125 and 0.25 mg/L led to sig. elevations
of micronuclei in treated larvae. Conc. above 0.25 mg/L
killed larvae.
Reference k
Suresh and Hiradhar 1990
Gauthier et al. 1989
sodium nitrate BUBU tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 19-24 5.57-7.47 40 and 100 Exposure groups exhibited increased mortality and reduce
foraging. 100 % mortality occurring at 100 ppm after 13 d.
At 40 ppm 1 of 13 individuals survived 13 d.
Baker and Waights 1993
sodium nitrate LICA tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 22.5-26 5.6-7.6 40 and 100 Nitrate exposure groups exhibited sig. greater mortality and
decreased growth. Growth changes were attributed to NO3 ions and not Na. Mortality reached 50 - 58% in nitrate
exposure groups.
Baker and Waights 1994
sodium nitrate PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 8000 No effect found on erythrocytes. L'Haridon et al. 1993
sodium nitrite PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 140 No effect found on erythrocytes. L'Haridon et al. 1993
sodium selenite XELA embryo- IMMER DEVOBS Lowest effect conc.= 10 mg/L. Developmental toxicity Sakamoto et al. ?
larvae
occurred in a dose-dependent manner.
sodium sulfide PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 2-7 125 ml/L, 250
ml/L of river
water
High numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes (22/1000
erythrocytes).
Gauthier et al. 1993
soman XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Inhibition of ACh was recorded and compared to that found
in chicken and rat brain.
Andersen et al. 1977
sour water BUTE adult (M) IMMER PHYSIO 3.35-19.9
ng/mL
Increases in B corticosterone levels were observed. Hopkins et al. 1996
Sr RAPI adult RAD RESIDUE Half-lives longer than those found for newts at 10 and 20°C. k
Willis et al. 1976
Sr RAPI adult RAD RESIDUE 10 The biological half-life of radiostrontium in whole frog was
222 d after i.p. injection.
Willis and Valett 1971
Sr RATE tadpole
(5-7 wk)
RAD RESIDUE 0.125 µc Tadpoles absorbed approx. 18 % (0.02 uc) of Sr and about
72% of yttrium in 175 ppm.
Lucas and Pickering 1958 k
Sr TAGR adult RAD RESIDUE 10-20 Slower loss component had biological half-lives of 130 - 80 d
at 10°C and 20°C respectively.
Willis et al. 1976 k
Sr TAGR adult RAD RESIDUE 10 The rate of uptake was initially rapid, but declined sharply
after day 3.
Willis and Valett 1971
Sr TRSC adult RAD PHYSIO Elimination rates were not affected by the dietary treatment. Hinton and Whicker 1992
strychnine PICA adult ORAL MORT fed avg. of
10.04 Mg (5
rats)
6 snakes regurgitated, 5 showed no observable effects. Brock 1965
styrene RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 665 Extensive ultrastructural alterations in olfactory epithelium
following exposure for 60 min, increased secretion from
sustentacular cells, membrane fusion of cilia, reduction of
summed receptor potential.
Ekblom et al. 1984 k