RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 28 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RASE adult POPSUR pH range= 4.53-6.97. Doka et al. 1997 RASE tadpoles POPSUR Results not extracted from paper. Mallory et al. 1996 RASY adult POPSUR 4.1-6.3 Least sensitive to low pH compared to AMMA and BUAM. Dale et al. 1985 RASY adult POPSUR No evidence that amphibian embryos are present during snow melt and episodic acidification; population decline not likely due to acidification. Vertucci and Corn 1996 RASY adult POPSUR 4.44-6.63 Occurred in all ponds; densities increased in more acidic ponds; egg mass density was reduced as pH decreased. Clark 1986 k RASY adult POPSUR Presence unrelated to pond pH. Freda and Dunson 1986 k RASY adult POPSUR 4.1 Successfully breeding at pH 4.1. Dale et al. 1985 RASY all POPSUR 4.3-7.3 Al, Zn Amphibians were present in all 118 potential Glooschenko et al. 1992 breeding sites. The species showed a relationship with conductivity. RASY egg HATSUC 4.14-5.75 Al 0-200 Results not extracted from paper. Clark and LaZerte 1985 k RASY egg HATSUC 3.75-7.6 95.3 % hatched at pH 7.2 - 7.6; 41.9 % hatched at pH 3.75. Time required for hatching increased significantly as pH decreased. Pierce and Sikand 1985 k RASY egg HATSUC Egg mass density was negatively correlated with acidity. Hatching success was inversely correlated with pH. Occurrence of mould on eggs increased in low pH. Gascon and Planas 1986 k RASY egg POPSUR Hatching of RASY not related to pH. Freda and Dunson 1986 k RASY egg HATSUC Al Hatching success was negatively correlated with Al and DOC and positively correlated with pH. Clark and Hall 1985 RASY egg HATSUC 3.75-7.6 15 Ovum volume was negatively correlated with Pierce et al. 1987 hatching success at pH 4.0 and capsule thickness was negatively correlated with hatching success at pH 3.75. RASY egg POPSUR 4.0-6.0 Populations not declining, close to 100% of sites occupied. Corn et al. 1989 RASY embryo MORT 3.5 Results not extracted from paper. Tome and Pough 1982 k
Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a RASY embryo HATSUC 4.2-7.5 15 or 3.5 and 15.5 Table 6 - pH Studies - 29 Cont. Conc. Conc. e LC50 e Units LC100 e Effects eg For embryos collected from bog site exposed to bog water (pH 4.2) only 11% normal hatch and 77% curl occurred; low temperature affected the hatching success of RASY in bog water (100% mortality at early development). RASY embryo HATSUC 3.5-7.0 12, 21 0 % hatched at pH 3.0 at both 12 and 21°C.> 90 % hatched at pH 7.0. More hatched at higher temperature. RASY embryo HATSUC 4.2 bog, 7.5 fen 11 % hatch at pH 4.2 and 96.3 % hatch at pH 7.5; 77.2 % embryo developed by not hatched at pH 4.2. RASY embryo DEVOBS 4.0-5.8 80-100 % hatched at pH 5.0 and 5.8 with some deformities; at pH 4.5, 15 (at Ca 80 ppm) - 100 % (Ca 20 ppm ) hatched . 0-13 % hatched at pH 4.0. RASY embryo HATSUC 4.0-5.8 95-100 % hatching at pH 4.5 - 5.8; 80 % hatching at 4.25 (significantly greater than AMJE); 0 % hatching at pH 4.0. RASY embryo DEVOBS At pH 3.9, 50 % or more developed normally. RASY embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill embryos. RASY embryo HATSUC 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 6.0 Al 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mg/L BUAM embryos were more sensitive to low pH than RASY embryos as indicated by a significant increase in mortality at pH 4.2 and 0 mg/L Al/L. BUAM embryos were most stressed by Al at pH 4.2. Reference k Karns 1992 Dale et al. 1985 k Karns 1984 k Freda and Dunson 1985 k Freda and Dunson 1986 k Gosner and Black 1957 k Corn and Vertucci 1992 Freda and McDonald 1993 RASY embryo BEHAV < 3.8-5.0 Al 114-834 Elevated Al and low pH may reduce breeding success. Glooschenko et al. 1986 RASY embryo HATSUC 4.25 Hatched at 4.25. Freda and Dunson 1985 k RASY embryo HATSUC 2.0-7.6 Hatching success > 71 % at pH 4.0 - 7.6. Pierce et al. 1984 k RASY embryo HATSUC 3.5-6.3 20 3.5-4.0 Hatching success at pH 4.0 was significantly higher than at pH 3.5 but significantly lower than pH 4.5-6.3. No significant difference occurred between hatching success at pH 4.5 or higher. The critical pH was determined to be pH 4.0-4.5. Grant and Licht 1993
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 253 and 254: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
Page 279 and 280: Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Co
Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
Page 339 and 340: References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
Page 341 and 342: References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
Page 343 and 344: References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
Page 345 and 346: References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
Page 347 and 348: References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
Page 349 and 350: References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
Page 351 and 352: References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
Page 353 and 354: References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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