RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 64
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
temephos BUBO juvenile IMMER PHYSIO 23-24 Exposure of hydrated toads to 60 ppb sig. lowered temp
tolerance.
Johnson and Prine 1976 k
temephos HYRE tadpole (3
wk)
IMMER PHYSIO 25-50 ppb Temp tolerance sig. lowered.
Johnson 1980a k
temephos RACH not
specified
IMMER 1-100 Japanese paper. Hattori 1974
temephos RACL tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 0-10 µl/L By 24 h of exposure, half of the tadpoles at the highest conc. Sparling et al. 1997
died. At the end of 96 h, % mortality ranged from 0% at 1.86
µl/L and 100% at 10 µl/L.
TEPP RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 10-80 Increasing conc. resulted in anemia, leucopenia; differential
white cell count showed neutropenia and lymphocytosis, red
blood cells distorted in shape, visceral organs desiccated,
spasticity in hindlimbs.
Kaplan and Glaczenski 1965 k
TETD MIOR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0-2.5 mg/L 50% mortality at 1 mg/L, 100% mortality at 2 mg/L. Other
effects were bent notochord, pigmentation, edema, other
tissue disarrays. Abnormality incidence 100% at 0.5 mg/L.
Ghate 1983
TETM MIOR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0-5 mg/L Mortality: 100% at 5 mg/L, 20% at 3 mg/L. Bent notochord,
pigmentation, edema, other tissue disarrays, abnormality
incidence was 100% at 2 mg/L.
Ghate 1983
tetrachlorobenzene RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by
chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Safe et al. 1976
tetrahydrofuran DEXX adult DERMAL BEHAV 2, 16 and 25 Hyperactivity; weight loss; no mortality immediately after
exposure.
Whitaker 1993
TFM RACA egg IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-3.0 mg/L Arrested growth at conc. greater than 1.0 mg/L, following
development in the next 96 h.
Kane et al. 1993
TFM RACA larvae IMMER MORT 7.5 mg/L No tadpoles recovered after treatment. Kane and Johnson 1989
TFM RACA tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 2.0 mg/L No adverse effects observed. Kane et al. 1993
TFM RACL larvae IMMER MORT 7.5 mg/L Treatment effective in controlling larvae in treated ponds. Kane and Johnson 1989
thalium XXFR embryo IMMER MORT N/500000 (see
paper for
details)
Tadpoles killed on emergence.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k
thallium sulfate PICA adult ORAL MORT 11 rats, fed
avg. of 5.27
Mg
No effects were observed on snakes. Brock 1965
thiabendazole ELOO adult ORAL PATH 110 Thiabenzadole is a treatment for parasites; species
completely recovered after treatments.
Holt et al. 1979
thiabendazole ELOQ adult ORAL PATH 110 Thiabenzadole is a treatment for parasites; this species died
after 4th treatment, 24 h with different symptoms than
PYRE. Death caused by nematode parasitism.
Holt et al. 1979