RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 26 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RAPI all POPSUR 4.3-7.3 Al, Zn Amphibians were present in all 118 potential Glooschenko et al. 1992 breeding sites. The presence of RAPI was positively related to buffering status (alkalinity, pH and other correlated variables). RAPI egg DEVOBS 4.5-6.0 UV-B Embryo survival was reduced by low pH and increased UV-B. Long et al. 1995 RAPI egg POPSUR 4.0-6.0 Low percentage of occupied sites, populations declined. Corn et al. 1989 RAPI egg REPRO
Table 6 - pH Studies - 27 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k RAPI embryo DEVOBS 4.2-6.5 20±2 Al 0, 0.25, mg/L In embryos and pre-stage 25 tadpoles, Al Freda and McDonald 1990 0.5, 0.75, ameliorated the toxic effects of very low 1.0 pHs (4.2-4.4), while becoming toxic at higher pH (4.6-4.8). Although both embryos and pre-stage 25 tadpoles were killed by low pH (4.2-4.4 and 4.2, respectively). RAPI embryo HATSUC 4.2 bog, 7.5 fen No eggs hatched at pH 4.2; 98.5 % hatched at pH 7.5. Karns 1984 k RAPI embryo MORT 4.2-4.8 20 Al 0-1.0 At 100% Nontoxic (5% mortality) without Al. Al was Freda et al. 1990 mg/L artificial toxic only at pH 4.8. Organic compounds soft water (DOC 5.7 to 16.2 mg/L) complexed the Al = 0.471 and thus increased the LC50 for total Al by mg/L (for more than two-fold. 100% artificial soft Al). water and the four dilutions of pond water were toxic to embryos. RAPI embryo BEHAV < 3.8-5.0 One of the most common species noted. Glooschenko et al. 1986 RAPI larvae PHYSIO 2.5-4.0 Acute exposure depressed Na influx and accelerated Na efflux. Increased external Ca slowed loss of Ca. Initial body Na content was inversely correlated with acid tolerance. Freda and Dunson 1985 k RAPI prestage 25 DEVOBS 4.2-6.5 20±2 Al 0, 0.25, mg/L In embryos and pre-stage 25 tadpoles, Al Freda and McDonald 1990 tadpoles 0.5, 0.75, ameliorated the toxic effects of very low 1.0 pHs (4.2-4.4), while becoming toxic at higher pH (4.6-4.8). Although both embryos and pre-stage 25 tadpoles were killed by low pH (4.2-4.4 and 4.2, respectively). RAPI tadpoles DEVOBS 96 h exposure to bog water (pH 4.2): there was 0% survival (controls had 97.5% survival). Karns 1992 RAPI tadpoles DEVOBS 4.4-5.8 Linear increase in survival time and thus pH tolerance during first 8 wks of development. Tadpoles grew at rates of 5.9 - 36 mg/d. Freda and Dunson 1985 k RAPI tadpoles BEHAV 4.0, 4.5 20-22 4.06 (96 No significant difference in activity level Freda and Taylor 1992 h); after acidification was initiated. Tadpoles N=30/treat avoided pH 4.0 and 4.5 (along with BUAM -ment they were the most sensitive species tested). RAPR embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do Corn and Vertucci 1992 not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill embryos. RARI adult (abdominal PHYSIO 2.5 Increase in influx and backflux of Ca and mannitol and in backflux of Na at pH 2.5 in Ferreira and Hill 1982 skin) short circuited skin. Total conductance and short-circuit current increased at pH 2.5. k
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 251 and 252: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
Page 257 and 258: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 3 Contami
Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
Page 279 and 280: Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Co
Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
Page 339 and 340: References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
Page 341 and 342: References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
Page 343 and 344: References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
Page 345 and 346: References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
Page 347 and 348: References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
Page 349 and 350: References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
Page 351 and 352: References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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