RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 29
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
distillery effluent RAHE tadpoles IMMER MORT 31 0.3-2.1% No mortality occurred in 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 % exposure groups.
94% survival occurred in 1.2% group and 0% survival after
72h in 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 % exposure groups.
distillery effluent RAMA tadpole
(prehindlimb)
IMMER DEVOBS 0.03- 0.12 % Increased conc. reduced period of limb bud emergence and tail
resorption; elevated values for length of limbs, tail and body
wt of adults.
DMN AGAG adult ORAL RESIDUE 50 dose once
or 1 daily/50 d
30% had liver damage due to daily repeated oral doses,
generally no liver damage was observed in the case of one 50
Reference k
Andrews et al. 1990
Haniffa et al. 1985 k
Maduagwu and Anosa 1981
DMN BUBU adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg
mg/kg dose.
Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.23 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN CYPY adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.13 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN NOVI adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.22 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN RAES adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.10 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN RATE adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.32 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN TRAL adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.19 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN TRCC adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.11 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN TRVU adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Mean CO2 production is reduced to 0.18 (% CO2 added/160
mg liver/ 90 min.).
Rao et al. 1979
DMN XELA 9 mo old INJECT MORT 5 mg/100 g After 39 wks, 9 of 16 animals had developed
macroscopically-visible liver cysts, 3 had kidney cysts, 1 with
pancreatic cyst. Histological examination found additional
cysts.
Knowles et al. 1982
DMN XELA adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.1 mg Due to the fact that DMN is rapidly eliminated from the
body and the low rate of metabolism by Xenopus liver in
vitro, DMN is unlikely to be toxic or carcinogenic in
Xenopus.
Rao et al. 1979
DMN XELA toadlets IMMER MORT 5 3 years after beginning of exposure, noted distended
abdomens in several individuals. All animals died within the
next 6 mos; 10 with macroscopically-visible liver cysts, 5
with kidney cysts and 2 with large pancreatic cysts.
Knowles et al. 1982
DMN XELA toadlets (1 INJECT MORT 180-260 Cysts were detected microscopically as early as 16 d after Knowles et al. 1982
yr)
mg/100 g beginning of the treatment and macroscopically at intervals
up to 670 d. Cysts developed in liver, kidney and pancreas.