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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
JANURAY 2011
VOL 2, NO 9
3.4 Data Analysis
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows was applied in the process of data
input and compilation Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using appropriate
test statistics. But only Likert Scale (Nachmias and Nachmias, 1996) was used in the present
study in collecting the required information. All the results were presented in counts and
percentages in different tabular form under the sections. In order to test that association
between leadership and employees performance, and other variables of interest a Chi-square
test was applied at appropriate level of significance. Generally, a 5% level of significance was
used throughout the dissertation. For convenience, Chi-square test is defined as:
r c
2
( O )
2
ij � eij
� � �� e
Where
i�1 j�1 ij
ij o = Observed frequencies in the kth cell.
e ij = Expected frequencies in the cell
r = number of rows in the table.
c = number of columns in the table.
4. Results
Table 4.1 reflects the information that how the respondents express there views and feelings in
the 1 st statement as 0%, 0%, 2.8%, 7.2% and 10% for very poor, poor, some problem, good
and very good respectively. While the results expressed in 2 nd statement, 0%, 1.2%, 4.8%,
12%, and 2%. Similarly the results given in 3 rd statement like 0%, 0%, 4%, 12% and 4%. The
results stated in 4 th statement are 0%, 0%, 4%, 11.2%, and 4.8%. While the out come of the 5 th
statement were 0%, 0%, 0%, 8% and 12% respectively.
A chi-square value for the above table is 56.045 with p-value 0.000 was recorded to test the
association between various categories of responses regarding the following statements and
that of responses, that is, very poor, poor, some problem, good and very good. It is evident
that p-value is less than 5% (i.e. p-value=0.000 < α-value=0.05) indicating that the null
hypothesis of no association between the two attributes regarding the stated hypothesis is
rejected i.e. there is no relationship between the leadership and the employees performance. It
is therefore, concluded that there is the relationship between the leadership and the employees
performance. These results are in agreement with Chiang (2008) who indicated intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation factors for hotel employees are needed for effective performance,
suggesting that hotel managers need to focus more on intrinsic and extrinsic factors to better
motivate employees.
Table 4.2 reflects the information that how the respondents express there views and feelings in
the 1 st statement as 0%, 0%, 8%, 10% and 2% very poor, poor, some problem, good and very
good respectively. While the results expressed in 2 nd statement, 0%, 0%, 0%, 12%, and 8%.
Similarly the results given in 3 rd statement like 0%, 0%, 4%, 12% and 4%. The results stated
in 4 th statement are 0%, 0%, 0%, 12%, and 8%. While the out come of the 5 th statement were
0%, 0%, 2%, 14% and 4% respectively.
A chi-square value for the above table is 55.513 with p-value 0.000 was recorded to test the
association between various categories of responses regarding the following statements and
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