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ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Policy and Policy Making in Iran; Issues and Process Hassan Danaee Fard Public Management, PhD Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Noruzi EMBA, PhD in progress (Corresponding Author) Public Sector Policy Making Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Iran Young Researchers Club Member, IAU Bonab Branch, Iran Abstract Policy and policy making are continuous and complex task that crosses all levels of the country's organizations in public and private. It is an inherent role of government and company want to be survive and competitive in this chaotic area. Policy making is kind of mapping which maps the road of a country to get its goals. This paper aims to study the policy and policy making with concentration on Iran Keywords: Policy, Policy Making, Iran, Challenges, Issues 1. Introduction Islamic republic of Iran is an Islamic country which has a good and comprehensive policy making system with its base and foundation on holy Quran and Islamic roles. Evidence suggesting that policy and policy making is one of the fundamental parts of any government. And there are different types of policy making process in different countries, for example some countries having democratic and some have dictatorship policy making process. This paper first discusses the policy making definition and effective policy making advantages. Also some guides for effective policy making will be discussed. Then some proposals for effective policy making in Iran come. At the end characteristics of good policy ad policy making in Iran come in detail. 2. What is Policy Making? According to Effective Policy Making (2003), Policy making is the process by which the administration translates its vision into actions to achieve desired outcomes. Good policy making is therefore essential if government is to achieve its aims and deliver real change and benefits (Hernandez & Noruzi, 2010). 3. Effective Policy making advantages According to the Strategic Policy Making Team Cabinet Office (1999), an effective policy making has lots of competencies for organizations below are some of them: � Creating the map of success and forward looking – takes a long term view, based on statistical trends and information � Finding future opportunities COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research JANUARY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 Listed in ULRICH’S 540
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS � Finding the failures � Overall and outward looking– takes account of factors in the national, European and international situation and communicates policy effectively � Evaluating the process road and Predictions, of the likely impact of policy and builds systematic evaluation of early outcomes into the policy process � Mapping creativity in the organization and Innovative and creative – questions established ways of dealing with things and encourages new ideas; open to comments and suggestions of others � Finding and evaluating different forces, public, private and political forces � Minimizing the policy failure � Using evidence – uses best available evidence from a wide range of sources and involves key stakeholders at an early stage � Inclusive – takes account of the impact on the needs of all those directly or indirectly affected by the policy � Coalition and Joined up – looks beyond institutional boundaries to the Government‘s strategic objectives; establishes the ethical and legal base for policy � Evaluating feedback – keeps established policy under review to ensure it continues to deal with the problems it was designed to tackle, taking account of associated effects elsewhere � Learning lessons – learns from experience of what works and what doesn‘t (Noruzi &, Hernandez 2010) 4. Guidance Steps in an Effective policy making According to Effective Policy Making (2003), for making an effective policy or identifying problems of policy it should be considered some steps as come below. � Searching the problem � Finding the problem � Analyzing the problem, is it really a problem? Or not � Why is it a problem? What is the main cause of this? � Who will effect on the problem formal or informal groups? � Identifying the informal and political groups � Who within the administration has decision making authority on the issue? � Creating a map of policy � How does the issue relate to the firms strategic vision and mission? Will addressing the issue contribute to the realization of strategic objectives? � What policy instruments could be utilized to address the issue? Can the resource requirements be estimated? � Is there a case for government intervention? � What impact assessments may be required? � What are the outcomes of doing this process? COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research JANUARY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 541
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Employee Engagement Employee involv
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