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ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Kustsjofart Hogsjofart Tanker Energi MJ/tonkm .47 0.18 0.11 SO2 g/tonkm .60 0.23 0.14 NOx g/tonkm 1.18 0.45 0.28 CO g/tonkm 0.10 0.04 0.02 CO2 g/tonkm 34 13 7.9 HC g/tonkm 0.028 0.011 0.007 Stoft g/tonkm 0.05 0.02 0.01 Table 5: Grams/ton-km of CO2 for shipping Source: GBR (2000) JANURAY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 NTM, The Network for Transport and Environment is an organization including leading logistic companies within northern Europe. These have together constructed a useful method to calculate emissions. The figures which are displayed in their tables are averages. The one below is showing the most common constellations of trucks, lorries and its average fuel consumption. This consumption differs due to environment and trucks utilization level (NTM, 2007). Table 6: Truck constilations, diesel quality and fuel consumption Source: NTM3 COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 436
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS 3. Empirical Data 3.1 Share of Short Sea Shipping in EU 15 JANURAY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 Short Sea Shipping (SSS) is accountable for 63% of the entire amount of goods transported by sea in the EU-15 in the year of 2003, equivalent to 1.6 billion tones. The UK and Italy was responsible for the largest share of cargo handled in Short Sea Shipping, equivalent to 342 and 302 million tons respectively. Total amount of Short Sea Shipping varied widely from one country to another. Short Sea Shipping faced an upturn in all the EU-15 Member States from 2002 to 2003, but not in the United Kingdom. The Mediterranean and the North Sea had the largest share of SSS, with 30% (491 million tones handled), and 27% (448 million tones handled) respectively (XENELLIS, 2005). Graph 1: SSS in total annual turnover of tonnage -million tones, 2003 Source: XENELLIS (2005) The majority of sea shipping which took place in 2003 for each of the EU-15 countries and Norway (above graph) was Short Sea Shipping. The share of SSS in the total seaborne transport is particularly good in Finland (92%), Greece (86%), Denmark (83%) and Ireland (80%). However, it is important to remember that these countries handle some of the largest shares of national and international intra-EU-15 transport. In 2003 the United Kingdom handled 342 million tons of cargo in Short Sea Shipping, responsible for 18% of total SSS in the EU-15. It was followed by Italy and the Netherlands with 16% and 12% shares, respectively (XENELLIS, 2005). The amount of cargo handled by SSS transported from EU-15 ports to Mediterranean ports amounted to 491 million tones, i.e. 30% of total SSS declared by the EU-15. The North Sea followed close behind, with its ports handling 448 million tones. In contrast, the amount of cargo handled by SSS in the Baltic Sea, together with cargo intended for or leaving ports in the North Sea, accounted for almost half of the total assets declared by the EU-15 (47%). The Black Sea accounted for only 5% of the EU-15 total SSS (XENELLIS, 2005). A considerable share of the cargo handled by Mediterranean ports (42%) – 217 million tones – was loaded or unloaded in Italian ports. In 2003, Italian ports also handled more goods loaded COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 437
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