Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in ... - Webs

ijcrb.webs.com
INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
THE IMPERATIVE OF EXTRACTION AND PRODUCTION
OF REFINED VEGETABLE OIL FROM PALM KERNEL
PROJECT IN EASTERN NIGERIA.
Dr. Chinedu Chidinma Nwachukwu
B.Sc (Est Mgt), M.Sc (Project Mgt), Ph.D (Project Mgt), PMP, ANIVS, RSV, FCRMI,
Lecturer, Department of Project Management Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State.
Onwadi Confidence
Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State
Abstract
The extraction of the palm kernel oil from palm kernel is made by various techniques and
the obtained oil is used as well in the food domain as non-food domains. Oilseed
processing and oil extraction processes are designed to obtain high quality oil with
minimal undesirable components, achieve high extraction yields and produce high value
meal. There are several techniques for extracting oil from oilseeds. Two common oilseed
extraction processes are solvent extraction and mechanical extraction using a screw press.
But today, other extraction method has been discovered. Refining removes most of the
contaminant that might be in the oil. Oil refining involves three major stages which are
degumming bleaching and deodorisation. This project will be achieved at Food and
Science Technology laboratory, federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state. The
results showed that oil obtained has percentage FFA as low as 0.126%, moisture value of
0.02% and peroxides value of 0.00%.
Keywords: Extraction, Refined Vegetable Oil, Palm Kernel, Oil Project.
1. Introduction
Fats and oil for both food and non food use have played an important role for the well
being of man and his activities. Useful oils are recovered from diverse biological sources.
These materials include both animal tissue (example beef , pork) and crops specifically
produced for oil or protein (example soya, palm , palm kernel , olive etc)and by-products
of crops grown for fibre(example cotton seed), food (corn, rice bran, and cocoanut) and
confections (example peanuts, almonds etc). There are many chemical and physical
difference between these biological materials. The similarities are that the oils can be
extracted from the materials by heating , mechanical pressing , solvent extraction or the
combination of both mechanical pressing and solvent extraction. The preparation of
various materials to be extracted varies. Some need extensive cleaning, drying, fibre
removal, dehaulling, flaking, extruding etc ; all of which affect the yield, composition
and the quality of oils obtained.
Processing oil seeds into edible and industrial oil and protein rich fractions for livestock
feeding is one of the oldest agribusiness. The ancient Egyptians and Asians crushed
sesame and soybean respectively with edgestone and cage presses driven by human
slaves or oxen. During the 19thcentury, prior to the acceptance of steam power, draft
horses are used to furnish the power to squeeze oil from oil seeds by means of levers,
screw jack or hydraulic cylinders in a manner similar to that still in use in some apple
cider mill.
The advent of hydraulic presses, first patented Bromak in 1785 in England made
extraction of oil seed widely practical . in the early 1900s,continuous screw presses such
COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 57
JANUARY 2011
VOL 2, NO 9
Listed in ULRICH’S