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ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS JANURAY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 addition non consideration of physical environment for material application has results dampness and condensation on exterior and internal surfaces of buildings. This moisture movement implicated in numerous ways i.e. starting from peeling of paint to decay of plaster surface. v. It has been frequently observed that housing have not been provided with essential ventilation required for kitchens and other wet areas of the house. Absence of ventilation ducts in housing with only fan ventilation or nominal ventilation can create moist and stale environments, which have been associated with numerous adverse physical health conditions, including respiratory disease, aches and pains, allergies, asthma, headaches and fever (Howden-Chapman, 2004; Matte & Jacobs, 2000). The ventilation factor is vital for hot and humid physical condition of Karachi city and ranking of this factor marked buy users is evident that housing is not properly designed in terms of ventilation. vi. Narrow staircase and passages, etc. where the housing stock includes narrow stairs, narrow doorways, inaccessible toilets and bathrooms, or rooms too small or hot to be used, people whose mobility is diminished by illness, accident or people will find themselves disabled by their homes (Heywood, 2004). The ignorance of this factor is also evident through ranking marked by users at various housing stocks. This factor is also consistent with ventilation. Therefore, almost same equal ranking has been marked by users for both factors. vii. Improper joints between finished faces are correlated with factor of improper material selection. Users have identified the presence of both factors in their respective housing and marked this factor within fair implication range. The implication results in the form of rain penetration, loss of adhesion, diagonal cracking at vertex, etc. The user‘s sensitivity index as shown in Table 5 results from higher value of mean marked for each factor of architectural design faults, mentioned in the questionnaire. The resultant sensitivity index assimilated from the user's response it reveals that most of the faults occur through the effects of external factors and agencies on building materials. In a broader spectrum, these factors and agencies can be integrated in four principal components such as. i. Lack of knowledge about materials properties. ii. Deficient design of wet areas iii. Poor workmanship. iv. Non awareness of regional physical conditions COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 474
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Architectural Design Determinants 1. Drainage layout 2. Plumbing/sanitary works 3. Material selection for doors & windows 4. Exterior material selection to climatic conditions 5. Ventilation ducts √ 6. Size of staircase and passages etc 7. Protective building elements √ Nuisance of venting √ √ Leaks √ Seal /joint failure Defects Caused JANURAY 2011 VOL 2, NO 9 Table 5: Users Feedback Index (Design Faults) COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 475 √ √ √ √ √ Dampness Water penetration √ √ √ √ Paint decay Poor accessibility –emergency √ handling Water ponding √ √ √ √ Thermal Expansion √ √ Cracks Poor function √ √ √ √ Moist and stale environment
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Employee Engagement Employee involv
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